Not Available . One of the best books written on crowd psychology. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind Gustave Le Bon Limited preview - 2002. ~~[No Known Source]~~ The role of the scholar is to destroy chimeras, that of the statesman is to make use of them. La meilleure citation de Gustave Le Bon préférée des internautes. de sa vie inconsciente,” in. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (French: Psychologie des Foules; literally: Psychology of Crowds) is a book authored by Gustave Le Bon that was first published in 1895.. Crowds are somewhat like the sphinx of ancient fable: It is necessary to arrive at a solution of the problems offered by their psychology or to resign ourselves to being devoured by them. From original French, “La vie consciente de l’esprit ne représente qu’une bien faible part auprès Note: Citations are based on reference standards. 1887, Les civilisations de l'Inde, par le Dr Gustave Le Bon ... Ouvrage illustre de 7 chromolithographies, 2 cartes et 350 gravures et heliogravures d'apres les photographies, aquarelles et documents de l'auteur Firmin-Didot & cie Paris. — Gustave Le Bon. Institutions; Individual subscriptions; Individual renewals; Recommend to your library; Purchase back issues; Browse Issues Crystallizing Public Opinion Edward L. Bernays. Track citation; Share Share. Download PDF: Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following location(s): https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfso... (external link) To do this I analyze the case of Eva Dien Brine Markvoort's blog, 65 Red Roses, through the lens of crowd psychology. The Crowd [Tr. Gustave Le Bon : découvrez 106 citations de Gustave Le Bon parmi des milliers de citations, de pensées, et de répliques cultes Harvard (18th ed.) The influence of the leaders is due in very small measure to the arguments they employ, but in a large degree to their prestige. Le Bon, Gustave. 2019 - Citation de Gustave Le Bon - Le pauvre diable, qui poussé par la faim, vous prend votre montre au coin du bois, n'est-il pas infiniment moins coupable que ces forbans de la finance ? The precise moment at which a great belief is doomed is easily recognizable; it is the moment when its value begins to be called into question. Turabian (6th ed.) The theory is first developed by Gustave Le Bon in his book called “the crowd: a study of popular mind in France” in 1885. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Today in Science History®  ©  1999-2020 by Todayinsci ®. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realisation of its desire. Addeddate 2007-06-14 19:36:44 Bookplateleaf 4 Call number nrlf_ucb:GLAD-33778437 He is no longer himself, but has become an automaton who has ceased to be guided by his will. Gustave Le Bon ; Les premières civilisations de l'Orient (1889) L'intolérance des opinions est plus forte que la tolérance parce que la première est d'origine affective et la seconde d'origine rationnelle. As a historian and … From the original French, “La science … nous a promis la vérité … ; elle ne nous a jamais promis ni la paix ni le bonheur,” in. Liste des citations de Gustave Le Bon classées par thématique. Do criador da Psicologia Social e da Psicologia da Política e o principal inspirador dos conceitos de Carl Gustav Jung, sobre o inconciente coletivo, os complexos, os arquétipos e outros. The Crowd [Tr. Gustave Le Bon, Bernard Miall. Gustave Le Bon; The Psychology of Peoples. Gustave Le Bon. Please see Wikipedia's template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. Export a citation . From Psychologie des Foules]. French psychologist and sociologist GUSTAVE LE BON (1841-1931) recognized that late in the 19th century when he wrote what would become a foundational work of the study of the psychology of the masses. Références de Gustave Le Bon - Biographie de Gustave Le Bon Plus sur cette citation >> Citation de Gustave Le Bon (n° 157969) - - Ajouter à mon carnet de citations Notez cette citation : - Note moyenne : 4.63 /5 (sur 466 votes) Kindle Edition. The electric interests and abilities of Gustave Le Bon led to a full and productive life. Australian/Harvard Citation. However, for the wording as given in the subject quote, Webmaster has looked for a primary source, and cannot yet find one. Gustave Le Bon; The Psychology of Peoples. [REVIEW] H. Bosanquet - 1899 - Ethics 9 (4):521-. Crossref … Are the worst enemies of society those who attack it or those who do not even give themselves the trouble of defending it? Get this from a library! They are viewed as something strange, something pathological, something monstrous. The sentiments and ideas of all the persons in the gathering take one and the same direction, and their conscious personality vanishes. The imagination of the crowds … is impressed above all by images. The inventors of genius transform a civilization. Add more citations Similar books and articles. Review: The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind User Review - Louis III - Goodreads. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. One of these eternal laws that Le Bon constantly invoked is the futility of rationality in the affairs of society: an idea does not prevail because it is true, but by virtue of psychological mechanisms that have nothing to do with reason, such as repetition and “mental contagion.” These mechanisms permit an idea to penetrate into the unconscious, and it is only when an idea does become part of the unconscious that it becomes effective for action. However, above all, they are considered to be something apart. You can write a book review and share your experiences. Australian/Harvard Citation. Pub Date: May 1941 DOI: 10.1038/147573a0 Bibcode: 1941Natur.147Q.573. Chicago (Author-Date, 15th ed.) Kindle Edition. The beginning of a revolution is in reality the end of a belief. Retrouvez toutes les phrases célèbres de Gustave Le Bon parmi une sélection de + de 100 000 citations célèbres provenant d'ouvrages, d'interviews ou de discours. From original French, “La plupart de nos actions journalières ne sont que l’effet de mobiles cachés qui nous échappent,” in. Post a Review . An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Publication: Nature. Esprit universel, polygraphe, il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages dans lesquels il aborde le désordre comportemental et la psychologie des foules. The great upheavals which precede changes of civilisation, such as the fall of the Roman Empire and the founding of the Arabian Empire, for example, seem to have been determined mainly by considerable political transformations, invasions, or the overthrow of dynasties. Hermann Hesse (41) Haruki Murakami (34) Milan Kundera (25) Alain de Botton (25) Henry Miller (20) Fyodor Dostoyevsky (19) Fernando Pessoa (17) Blaise Pascal (15) ”. Export a citation . ”. . Science Quotes by Gustave Le Bon (23 quotes) A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Although Gustave Le Bon was originally trained as a physician, Le Bon's primary contribution was in sociology, where he developed major theories on crowd behavior.. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. Pub Date: May 1941 DOI: 10.1038/147573a0 Bibcode: 1941Natur.147Q.573. Gustave Le Bon - 1896. Turabian (6th ed.) Gustave Le Bon Abstract. Give access. A collective mind is formed, doubtless transitory, but presenting very clearly defined characteristics. Wikipedia Citation. Benoit Marpeau. . View all » Common terms and phrases. The art of those who govern…, consists above all in the science of employing words. La meilleure citation de Gustave Le Bon préférée des internautes. Certain transitory images are attached to certain words: the word is merely as it were the button of an electric bell that calls them up. He viewed the modern masses as a powerful force which threatened to destroy civilization. * * * Crowds being only capable of thinking in images are only to be impressed by images. From original French, “Les pires ennemis de la société sont-ils ceux qui l'attaquent ou ceux qui ne se donnent même pas la peine de la défendre?” in. Under certain given circumstances, and only under those circumstances, an agglomeration of men presents new characteristics very different from those of the individuals composing it. Gustave Le Bon : “The crowd- a study of the popular mind” written by Gustave Le Bon paved the way to the development of collective behavior. Computational Models of the Emotions: From Models of the Emotions of the Individual to … In 1879, Gustave Le Bon, chief misogynist of Broca's school, used these data to publish what must be the most vicious attack upon women in modern scientific literature (no one can top Aristotle). History Contagion theory is a theory of collective behavior which explains that the crowd can cause a hypnotic impact on individuals. The crowd : a study of the popular mind / by Gustave Le Bon T. Fisher Unwin London (England) 1909. Add more citations Similar books and articles. ”. I also discuss two later intellectuals, social psychologist Gustave Le Bon and pioneering sociologist Emile Durkheim. Les foules n’ont de puissance que pour détruire,” in. Product description About the Author. 8 déc. $3.99. At the same time they are viewed with awe and with fascination. Science has promised us truth. Gustave Le Bon (French: ; 7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a French social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist.He is best known for his 1895 work The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.His writings incorporate theories of national traits, racial and male superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology.. When renowned French sociologist GUSTAVE LE BON (1841-1931), who pioneered the field of mass psychology, took a fresh, scientific look at the subject of revolution-and in particular, the French Revolution-he stripped away legend and illusion to find the core reality. Harvard (18th ed.) Citations References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content ... Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS. He observed that the individual behavior would be demoted to the level of the most noisiest or sadistic person in the crowd. One of the most constant characteristics of beliefs is their intolerance. It is possible to evoke them through the judicious use of words and formulas. It is only images that terrify or attract them and become motives of action. gustave le bon 108. ont 106. fait 106. tout 105. toujours 101. leurs 101. peut 97. bien 97. lui 92. et les 89. tous les 88. que les 85. les plus 85. croyances 83. sentiments 82. qu'il 82. dans les 80. prestige 78. dont 76. peu 75. encore 72. aussi 69. opinions 69. puissance 68. toutes les 67 . At the bidding of a Peter the Hermit many millions of men swarmed to the East; the words of an hallucinated person … have created the force necessary to triumph over the Graeco-Roman world; an obscure monk like Luther set Europe ablaze and bathed in blood. English text in The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1897), Book 1, Chap. Buy Psychologie des foules 1 by Le Bon, Gustave (ISBN: 9782930718262) from Amazon's Book Store. Book Review:The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Este livro aborda as características psicológicas das massas. Crowds are only powerful for destruction. The memorable events of history are the visible effects of the invisible changes of human thought. 13 mars 2019 - Gustave Le Bon : découvrez 113 citations de Gustave Le Bon parmi des milliers de citations, de pensées, et de répliques cultes Publication date 1898 Topics Ethnopsychology, Social psychology Publisher New York, The Macmillan co Collection cdl; americana Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor University of California Libraries Language English. Sitewide search within all Today In Science History pages. Gustave Le Bon - 10 Texts and Articles of Gustave Le Bon at WordsandQuotes. Gustave Le Bon: Parcours d'un intellectuel 1841–1931. In … -- Gustave Le Bon. Whoever can supply them with illusions is easily their master; whoever attempts to destroy their illusions is always their victim. Gustave Le Bon. We see, then, that the disappearance of the conscious personality, the predominance of the unconscious personality, the turning by means of suggestion and contagion of feelings and ideas in an identical direction, the tendency to immediately transform the suggested ideas into acts; these, we see, are the principal characteristics of the individual forming part of a crowd. Gustave Le Bon. Copy a citation. The Crowd gives a clear understanding of how groups are capable of both great triumph and tragedy. Liste des citations de Gustave Le Bon classées par thématique. Gustave Le Bon Limited preview - 2012. Retrouvez toutes les phrases célèbres de Gustave Le Bon parmi une sélection de + de 100 000 citations célèbres provenant d'ouvrages, d'interviews ou de discours. [A crowd] thinks in images, and the image itself calls up a series of other images, having no logical connection with the first … A crowd scarcely distinguishes between the subjective and the objective. 1909, The crowd : a study of the popular mind / by Gustave Le Bon T. Fisher Unwin London (England) Wikipedia Citation . Export to RefWorks Export to EndNote / Reference Manager Export to EasyBib Export to EndNote / Reference Manager(non-Latin) Cancel. Next . The aim of the article is to investigate whether the concept of the ‘crowd’ as developed by Gustave Le Bon can help us understand the new types of affectively charged collectivities created via spontaneous interaction on various social media platforms. APA (6th ed.) The origins of crowd psychology : Gustave Le Bon and the crisis of mass democracy in the Third Republic. The voice of a Galileo or a Newton will never have the least echo among the masses. “If atheism spread, it would become a religion as intolerable as the ancient ones.”. Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931. Biographie: Gustave Le Bon, né le 7 mai 1841 à Nogent-le-Rotrou et mort le 13 décembre 1931 à Marnes-la-Coquette, est un médecin, anthropologue, psychologue social, sociologue. MLA Citation. The aim of the article is to investigate whether the concept of the ‘crowd’ as developed by Gustave Le Bon can help us understand the new types of affectively charged collectivities created via spontaneous interaction on various social media platforms. 4.5 out of 5 stars 48. He began with positivist principles, but later argued that humanity was irrational and violent. It forms a single being and is subject to the. Kindle Edition. Publication: Nature. It accepts as real the images invoked in its mind, though they most often have only a very distant relation with the observed facts. Copy a citation. The rise of mass media has changed the way societies think, and that they can think as a whole. 1909, The crowd : a study of the popular mind / by Gustave Le Bon T. Fisher Unwin London (England) Wikipedia Citation. Men dominated by a certitude cannot tolerate those who do not accept it. MLA (7th ed.) The greater part of our daily actions are the result of hidden motives which escape our observation. 374 pp., fig., bibls., indexes.Paris: CNRS Editions, 2000. Not Available . Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931). I do not claim his views were representative of Broca's school, but they were published in France's most respected anthropological journal. The controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. Wikipedia Citation . In the book, Le Bon claims that there are several characteristics of crowd psychology: "impulsiveness, irritability, incapacity to reason, the absence of judgement of the critical spirit, the exaggeration of sentiments, and others..." Paris : Presses universitaires de France, ©1986 (OCoLC)568742413: Named Person: Gustave Le Bon; Gustave Le Bon; Gustave Le Bon; G Le Bon; Gustave (1841-1931) Le Bon; Gustave Le Bon; Gustave Le Bon: Document Type: Book: All Authors / … ”, “L'éducation est l'art de faire passer le conscient dans l'inconscient. T.F. He started his career as a medical officer in the French Army and served in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, but afterwards gave up the practice of medicine and travelled extensively in Europe, Africa and Asia. Australian/Harvard Citation. It is even more uncompromising as the belief is stronger. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Crowds are the elephant man of the social sciences. Share full text access. Please see Wikipedia's template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. In crowds it is stupidity and not mother-wit that is accumulated. The masses have never thirsted after truth. Book digitized by Google and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb. adshelp[at]cfa.harvard.edu The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AC86A Explaining Effervescence: Investigating the Relationship Between Shared Social Identity and Positive Experience in Crowds. “Les gens vertueux se vengent souvent des contraintes qu'ils s'imposent par l'ennui qu'ils inspirent. Toggle navigation Words and Quotes. The controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. Foi o iniciador da Psicologia Social. Book Review:The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. Subscribe/Renew. Gustave Le Bon (French: ; 7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a French social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist.He is best known for his 1895 work The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.His writings incorporate theories of national traits, racial and male superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology.. ~~[No Known Source]~~ If atheism spread, it would become a religion as intolerable as the ancient ones. 3.2 out of 5 stars 6. The conscious life of the mind is of small importance in comparison with its unconscious life. Gustave Le Bon The Psychology of Peoples. Public Opinion Walter Lippmann. Meanwhile it may be better to attribute to Anonymous. From the original French, “Les revolutions qui commencent sont en réalité des croyances qui finissent.” in. First published in 1899 during a period of crisis for French democracy, The Psychology of Socialism details Le Bon's view of socialism and radicalism primarily as religious movements. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realisation of its desire. Dover Publications, Apr 22, 2004 - History - 336 pages. From Psychologie des Foules (1895), 26. Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931). “S'ignorer vaut mieux parfois que se connaître. The gathering has thus become what, in the absence of a better expression, I will call an organized crowd, or, if the term is considered preferable, a psychological crowd. He focused on the normal individual’s behavior turning irrational or violent accordingly to the nature of the crowd. The best proof of this is that, should they by any circumstance lose their prestige, their influence disappears. -- Gustave Le Bon. Gustave Le Bon. [REVIEW] H. Bosanquet - 1899 - Ethics 9 (4):521-. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon 11,381 ratings, average rating, 1,553 reviews Browse By Tag. French psychologist and sociologist GUSTAVE LE BON (1841-1931) recognized that late in the 19th century when he wrote what would become a foundational work of the study of the psychology of the masses. Gustave Le Bon, Les aphorismes du temps présent (1913) Une amitié véritable, c'est celle qui repose avant tout sur la communion aux mêmes principes et à la poursuite d'un même idéal. Le Bon, Gustave. The images evoked by words being independent of their sense, they vary from age to age and from people to people, the formulas remaining identical. 1918, La révolution francaise et la psychologie des révolutions / Gustave le Bon E. Flammarion Paris. De Gustave Le Bon. From original French: “Dans les foules, c’est la bêtise et non l’esprit, qui s’accumule,” in. The present epoch is one of these critical moments in which the thought of mankind is undergoing a process of transformation. Webmaster has looked for a primary source, and cannot yet find one. No citations found. Found circulating on the web, this might be a paraphrase of the ideas of Le Bon. Le meilleur des sorties parisiennes chaque mercredi, Les spots du scope : les bons plans du Figaroscope, “Déguiser sous des mots bien choisis les théories les plus absurdes, suffit souvent à les faire accepter.”, “Le véritable progrès démocratique n’est pas d’abaisser l’élite au niveau de la foule, mais d’élever la foule vers l’élite.”, “La compétence sans autorité est aussi impuissante que l’autorité sans compétence.”, “Un délit généralisé devient bientôt un droit.”, “Pour progresser, il ne suffit pas de vouloir agir, il faut d’abord savoir dans quel sens agir.”, “On domine plus facilement les peuples en excitant leurs passions qu’en s’occupant de leurs intérêts.”, “Les révolutions n’ont généralement pour résultat immédiat qu’un déplacement de servitude.”, “Les gens vertueux se vengent souvent des contraintes qu'ils s'imposent par l'ennui qu'ils inspirent. Idées politiques de Gustave Le Bon. $8.79. Le Bon, Gustave. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. Gustave Le Bon. ”, “Le véritable artiste crée, même en copiant. From original French, “Les civilisations n’ont été créées et guidées jusqu’ici que par une petite aristocratie intellectuelle, jamais par les foules. The rise of mass media has changed the way societies think, and that they can think as a whole. The Fifth Book of Pantagruel (in French, Le cinquième-livre de Pantagruel; the original title is Le cinquiesme et dernier livre des faicts et dicts héroïques du bon Pantagruel) was published posthumously around 1564, and chronicles the further journeyings of Pantagruel and his friends. 4.4 out of 5 stars 94. From the original French, “L’art des gouvernants…, consiste surtout a savoir manier les mots,” in. DR. GUSTAVE LE BON, a prominent psychologist, ethnologist and natural philosopher, was born at Nogent Le Notru, Eure-et-Loire, on May 7, 1841. Science Quotes by Gustave Le Bon (23 quotes) A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Le Bon, Gustave. 0 Reviews . The Evolution of Forces Bon. Le Bon examines the psychology of revolutions in general, both religious and political, as well as the mental and emotional qualities of the movements' leaders. — Gustave Le Bon. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realisation of its desire. $1.99. Towards a Theory of Collective Emotions. Citations de Gustave Le Bon “ On domine plus facilement les peuples en excitant leurs passions qu'en s'occupant de leurs intérêts. ”, “Le plaisir étant éphémère, et le désir durable, les hommes sont plus facilement menés par le désir que par le plaisir. Unwin, 1903 - Crowds - 239 pages. Download PDF: Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following location(s): https://www.persee.fr/doc/mcm_... (external link) Gustave Le Bon. It has never promised us either peace or happiness. Journal History This article was published in The International Journal of Ethics (1890-1938), which is continued by Ethics (1938-present). From Psychologie des Foules (1895), 26. From Psychologie des Foules]. $14.23. De Gustave Le Bon. 2, 19. Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931), French social scientist and philosopher. Gustave Le Bon Abstract. ”, “Les découvertes récentes ont anéanti toutes nos illusions sur la simplicité de l'univers. Citations References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content ... Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS. ” Ma note : Note moyenne : 5/5 “ Nos vertus resteraient parfois bien incertaines si, à défaut de l'espoir d'une récompense, elles n'avaient la vanité pour soutien. Can you help? At Ringing Island, the company find birds living in the same hierarchy as the Catholic Church. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. APA (6th ed.) Australian/Harvard Citation. The electric interests and abilities of Gustave Le Bon led to a full and productive life. In establishing a valid crowd theory, it seems to have become comme il faut to criticize French mass psychologist Gustave Le Bon’s mass theory. ”, “Céder une fois à la foule, c'est lui donner conscience de sa force et se condamner à lui céder toujours. The controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. Although Gustave Le Bon was originally trained as a physician, Le Bon's primary contribution was in sociology, where he developed major theories on crowd behavior.. “ Ce n'est pas avec la raison, et c'est le plus souvent contre elle, que s'édifient les croyances capables d'ébranler le monde. menuDrawerCloseText menuDrawerOpenText Home. No citations found. To do this I analyze the case of Eva Dien Brine Markvoort's blog, 65 Red Roses, through the lens of crowd psychology. Kindle Edition. A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Gustave Le Bon Quotes and Sayings - Page 1. “Science has promised us truth...It has never promised us either peace or happiness.”. Les 75 citations de Gustave Le Bon : Mariage de raison ou fantaisie passagère, voilà parfois les formes de l'amour ! Authors; Themes; Top Authors. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): “By the mere fact that he forms part of an organised crowd a man descends several rungs in the ladder of civilisation” Gustave Le Bon, 1895 The above quote from the work of Le Bon demonstrates somewhat bluntly what can be Citations of this work BETA. Fr 27.48 (paper). Can you help? Le Bon represented the fin-de-siecle rejection of positivism. Chicago (Author-Date, 15th ed.) Export to RefWorks Export to EndNote / Reference Manager Export to EasyBib Export to EndNote / Reference Manager(non-Latin) Cancel. Citations of this work BETA. Christian von Scheve & Sven Ismer - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (4):406-413. [REVIEW] H. Bosanquet - 1899 - Ethics 9 (4):521-. Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931), French social scientist and philosopher. This rudimentary theory of learning was first formulated when he was st… Collective Responsibility. ”, “S'ignorer vaut mieux parfois que se connaître. The controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. 0 Reviews. [Robert A Nye] Civilisations as yet have only been created and directed by a small intellectual aristocracy, never by crowds. Meanwhile it may be better to attribute to Anonymous. This article was published in The International Journal of Ethics (1890-1938), which is continued by Ethics (1938-present). MLA (7th ed.) The fanatics and the hallucinated create history. Le Bon, Gustave. But … most often, the real cause is … a profound modification in the ideas of the peoples. Marion Smiley - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.