Braun, Keller, Schnettger 2016 , pp. His third wife was Eleonore Magdalena (1655–1720) from the ruling German family of Palatinate-Neuburg. They were married immediately after the death of Leopold’s first wife in 1673. She received the Anointing of the Sick and gave her maternal blessings to her children and grandchildren, who reunited at her deathbed. These impressive paintings are today among the highlights of the collections held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Leopold’s third wife was to survive her husband by fifteen years. [3][14] She congratulated the successful diplomat Alexander Károlyi by appointing him as general. On 1 January 1720, in preparation for the sacrament of confession, the Empress Mother suffered a stroke, which led her being paralyzed on the right side of her body. With Nora Hamzawi, André Marcon, Julia Faure, Dominique Reymond. Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (Eleonore Magdalene Therese; 6 January 1655 – 19 January 1720) was a Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I. Under Leopold I work starts on the rebuilding of Schönbrunn Palace and on additions to the Hofburg in Vienna. [2] She was the oldest of 17 children born from Philip William, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich-Berg and his second wife, Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. [15][16][17] This secret pact was only known to Leopold I, his sons and Baron Seliern. The current lead Baroque coffin which contains Eleonore's remains was a work of Balthasar Ferdinand Moll and was made in August 1755 following the orders of her granddaughter, Empress Maria Theresa, because the old wooden coffin had considerably deteriorated.[3]. Le 19 septembre, décès, à Spa, de la Reine Marie-Henriette. [13] She arranged the marriages of both her sons, but deeply disliked the private life of her oldest son Joseph, scolding him for his infidelities and placing his procurers in prison.[12]. She was Maria Theresa’s aunt and enjoyed a close relationship with the future ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy. Since then, she participated in religious activities and visited the sick everyday. The imperial revenue became vast enough to not only order the building of hospitals, orphanages, and Carmelite convents in Graz and Vienna, but support numerous brotherhoods, churches and monasteries.[12]. Under the pressure of her mother and sister, failed-writer Eleonore Berthier undergoes a complete makeover and gets hired as an assistant in a publishing house specializing in erotic romances. Il est le onzième enfant et le cinquième fils de Victor-Amédée III, duc de Savoie, roi de Sardaigne, prince de Piémont, roi titulaire de Chypre et de Jérusalem, et de Marie-Antoinette d'Espagne. Maria Theresa Her claim to the Spanish throne, which passed to her son and thus to the House of Wittelsbach, complicated the conflicts in the War of the Spanish Succession. ): Die Habsburger. There was a fear among the ministers that she would use her position to defend the rights of her brother, the Elector Palatine, to the Upper Palatinate in a time when the interests of Austria would be better benefited by sacrificing his lands to Bavaria, who claimed it. [3], The marriage negotiations began in April 1676. 11 févr. At the time of her Imperial coronation, she was pregnant with her tenth and last child, though only five of her children survived to adulthood. Details on the individual cookies can be found under “Cookie settings”. This time, Eleonore was chosen over Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (later Dauphine of France), Princess Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (later Queen consort of Sweden), and many other potential candidates. From 1688, she devoted much time to the Marian cult, in which she was introduced by Abraham á Sancta Clara and to which she introduced her two daughters-in-law. Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg was a Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I. She is perpetually performing extraordinary acts of penance, without having ever done any thing to deserve them. Ses grands-parents maternels sont Philippe V d'Espagne et Élisabeth Farnèse. [3], The wedding took place in Passau on 14 December 1676. Eleonora Maddalena de Neubourg (Eleonore Madeleine Thérèse; Düsseldorf, 6 janvier 1655 - Vienne, 19 janvier 1720) Il était sainte impératrice romaine comme épouse de Léopold Ier de Habsbourg. Elle est le dernier enfant de l'Empereur Ferdinand III. Margarita Teresa died at the age of just twenty-two, after bearing four children and suffering two miscarriages in six years of marriage. Collected themes - browse stories and anecdotes from the history of the Habsburg Monarchy. [3][9][10] However, she had to face great challenges in the first years as Empress. During 1679, an outbreak of plague forced the Imperial family to leave Vienna, firstly to Mariazell and then in Prague, but the disease eventually reached those places. 1904 . The Habsburg dynasty: Here you can read potted biographies, examine portraits from seven centuries and dip into the historical contexts of past epochs. This is the age of magnificent courtly display. She was depicted in Diego Velázquez' paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to … von Herwig Wolfram), 2 Teile, Wien 2003. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images In August, her parents moved with her from Düsseldorf to Neuburg. L’arrière-petite-nièce de Léopold II, la Princesse Emeralda: «Le débat est vraiment urgent» . Éléonore Madeleine de Palatinat-Neuburg ou Eleonora Magdalena von Pfalz-Neuburg ou Éléonore de Neubourg (6 janvier 1655-19 janvier 1720) qui épousera en 1676 Léopold Ier de Habsbourg, Marie Adélaïde Anne de Palatinat-Neuburg (née et morte en 1656), … Eleonore married Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, on 27 February 1670 in the Jasna Góra Monastery. Empress Eleonore was seen to be performing her duties well according to the strict Spanish court ceremony used in Vienna. On 7 January 1677, the Imperial couple arrived in Vienna. Ein biographisches Lexikon, Wien 1988, Lorenzi, Ernst: Kaiser Leopold I., Wien 1986, Leidinger, Hannes / Moritz, Verena / Schippler, Bernd: Schwarzbuch der Habsburger. At the same time the era is marked by large-scale military ... © 2020 Die Welt der Habsburger All rights reserved. Back in Vienna the following month, he gave the official conclusion that she was healthy, but the death of Anna de' Medici, mother of his late second wife, forced the Emperor to suspended the negotiations. She was the paternal grandmother of Empress Maria Theresa . After negotiations were completed, she signed the Treaty of Szatmár, which recognized the rule of the House of Habsburg in the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1711, Emperor Joseph I died, and was succeeded as ruler of the Habsburg lands by his younger brother Charles, at that point absent in Spain. The bride and groom were third cousins (being both great-great-grandchildren of Emperor Ferdinand I), and thus a papal dispensation was granted by Pope Innocent XI to allow the marriage. You can also find further information in our data protection declaration. In 1685, her father became Elector Palatine. La guerre de la ligue d'Augsbourg touche à sa fin et les négociations commencent à Ryswick : le pape souhaite une paix définitive entre les deux maisons catholiques de France et d'Autriche et propose vainement d'unir Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, nièce de Louis XIV, et Joseph, fils de Léopold … La nièce de Leopold II est née il y a 150 ans. Il est le fils de Victor-Amédée III et de Marie-Antoinette d'Espagne Biographie. Elle naquit au cours du mois de juin l'an 1184 et pareillement à son illustre aïeule Aliénor d'Aquitaine, mère dudit Geoffroy, reçut son prénom. [12] In 1712, Wilhelmine Amalia managed to persuade Baron Seilern to give her the document, which she sent to the head of her family George Louis, Elector, who sent Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, to help her to negotiate with Charles VI her daughters' rights. In August 1676, the Emperor's personal physician arrived in Neuburg and examined Eleonore. Save settings Leopold seeks the Vatican to crown her Queen of Spain. She established extensive connections through her patronage and granting of favours: she protected the career of chancellor Theodor Strattmann and recommended Jesuits Bauer and Tönnemann as advisers to the Emperor. Elle fait aujourd’hui partie de ces princesses oubliées de l’Histoire de notre pays. However, no less a danger than the epidemic was the constant threat of the Ottoman Empire. [3], On 25 November 1676, the official betrothal took place. Cookies are a technical feature necessary for the basic functions of the website. Another miraculous image of the Virgin Mary from Pötsch (hu: Máriapócs), known as the "Weeping Madonna", was delivered by them and placed in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna. You can block or delete these cookies in your browser settings, but in doing so you risk the danger of preventing several parts of the website from functioning properly. She proved an important source of support for her husband. Eleonore’s union with Leopold is described as very harmonious, both partners having very similar characters. In addition, an uprising of the Bohemian peasants forced the Empress and her children escape to Linz Castle. On her mother's side, her grandparents were George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Sophia Eleonore of Saxony. The first meeting between Leopold I and Eleonore took place two days before the wedding, but the two made a favourable impression on each other. The map shows the territorial development of the Habsburg Monarchy as it evolved into a sprawling, geographically fragmented empire. Articles détaillés : Famille royale belge , Monarchie en Belgique , Histoire de la monarchie belge , Roi des Belges , Liste des souverains belges , Liste des reines consorts belges et Politique en Belgique . [12] However, the success of Wilhelmine Amalia was short-lived: only a few days before, on 19 April, Charles VI already announced his wish to amend the Pact in order to give his own future daughters precedence over his nieces in a secret session of the council. Eleanore continued to use her connections to prevent Charles from marrying Maria Clementina to some one else, such as the Duke of Modena, and eventually assisted in her niece's escape from Austria to Italy. However, these rumours didn't stop the Emperor, who needed an heir and knew about her family's reputed fertility. Né le 13 avril 1770 - Gournay-en-Bray (76) Décédé le 12 novembre 1853 - Gournay-en-Bray (76),à l'âge de 83 ans The couple proceeded to have a large number of progeny, being blessed with ten children, of whom only five were to survive into adulthood, however. Leopold I was married three times and fathered a total of sixteen children, of whom only six survived into adulthood. On her father's side her grandparents were Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg and his first wife, Magdalene of Bavaria. [3][4] These events influenced her depression which soon turned into self-destructive behaviour. Die unrühmliche Geschichte eines Herrscherhauses (2. Éléonore de Bretagne, était l'aînée des trois enfants nés de l'union de Constance de Bretagne et de Geoffroy Plantagenêt. One of her rejected suitors was the widower James, Duke of York, the future King of England and Scotland, who proposed in 1671. It was at a dinner with Eleonore, in the presence of the numerous archduchesses, that Seilern informed them of this. Le 11 septembre 1679, le futur duc de Lorraine - Léopold - naît à Innsbruck, au Tyrol, en Autriche. Family. In the year of her death, were published six epitaphs, among them poet Johann Christian Günther (who described her as a paragon of virtue and faith). In July 1683, the Imperial family again left Vienna and moved to Passau because of the threat from the Turks, who in September of the same year suffered a crushing defeat near Vienna. [3], Because of these events, Eleonore wasn't crowned immediately after her marriage. As such, she was supported by her daughters. Four months later, on 24 May, she was buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. 2018 - Découvrez le tableau "niece" de Eleonore sur Pinterest. Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (Eleonore Magdalene Therese; 6 January 1655 – 19 January 1720) was a Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I. In her will, she instructed to her servants, who had witnessed her ascetic life, never to tell anyone about this. Eleonore's dowry was fixed at 100,000 florins. Among the poor, she asked them to treat her as a commoner rather than a person of noble birth, because she believed that all people were equally precious to God. Cookie settings (Jean Marie Éléonore Léopold DESTABENRATH) (Jean Marie Éléonore Léopold de STABENRATH)baron de l'Empire, député de La Mayenne(1816), voir Légion d'honneur (Commandeur), chevalier de l'Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis(1814), chevalier de l'Ordre de la Couronne de Fer. [12] The Capuchin Marco d'Aviano was her confessor and adviser. 23 oct. 2016 - Princesse Élisabeth de Belgique duchesse de Brabant, Prince Gabriel Baudouin Charles Marie, Prince Emmanuel Léopold Guillaume François Marie, Princesse Éléonore Fabiola Victoria Anne … The special protection she provided to the Discalced Carmelites monasteries in Düsseldorf and Neuburg reflected her wish to be a Carmelite nun, but her parents refused to give their consent. Monarchical rule was legitimized by descent. The couple were very closely related in an almost absurd example of dynastic inbreeding: Margarita Teresa was marrying her first cousin who was also her uncle. Of her four children only one daughter was to survive into adulthood: Maria Antonia (1669–1692). Analysis cookies are used only with your consent and exclusively for statistical purposes. Leopold I took the final decision about the marriage only in the second half of October. Journey through the different epochs of Habsburg history from the Middle Ages to the First World War. À la mort de l'infante Marguerite-Thérèse d'Autriche, première épouse de l'empereur Léopold I er (), le choix de la remplaçante reste un moment en balance entre Éléonore et l'archiduchesse Claude-Félicité d'Autriche, fille unique et héritière de l'archiduc Ferdinand-Charles d'Autriche, comte de Tyrol.. To celebrate her birth, the court chaplain and poet Jesuit Jakob Balde composed a Latin poem in hexameters called the "Song of genius Eleonore" (la: Eleonorae Geniale carmen), which he translated to German. Cambridge University Press (2004). A detailed account of the life of the House of Habsburg’s last male representative can be found in his biography on this site. Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Après son mariage aussi, elle est devenue la reine de Bohême et de Hongrie, reine d'Allemagne et … According to her last will, her remains were placed in an ordinary wooden coffin, which was placed at the foot of Leopold I's tomb. Emperor Leopold I died in 1705 and was succeeded by her eldest son, Joseph I. Read biographical notes and explore the historical context. Duc De La Rochefoucauld and niece Eleonore De La Rochefoucauld at Amnesty International Gala Evening Musique Contre L'Oubli At TheTheatre Des Champs Elysees In Paris. Brought up in strict accordance with Catholic principles, Eleonore Magdalena reinforced the already very pious atmosphere at the Viennese court. It was reported that the Empress received and opened important political documents while Leopold I stood waiting beside her "as a secretary". Maria Elisabeth (1680–1741), who is regarded as one of the most learned daughters of the dynasty, remained unmarried and was appointed Stattholder of the Austrian Netherlands from 1725 to 1741. Charles V de Lorraine épouse en 1678 Éléonore Marie Josèphe de Habsbourg, fille de Ferdinand III de Habsbourg et d' Éléonore de Nevers-Mantoue. Suite à des excès commis par les Européens en Afrique, la réputation de Léopold et son œuvre d'outre-mer sont mises en cause. Intended to consolidate the claim of the Austrian Habsburgs to the Spanish throne, the wedding took place in 1666 after a lengthy diplomatic prelude. Five monarchs asked for her hand and all were refused by Eleonor. This marriage too was to be of only brief duration, as the young woman died in 1676 aged just twenty-three, having given birth to two daughters, neither of whom survived infancy. This is recalled in Velázquez’s series of exquisite portraits of the young infanta at various ages that were sent to Vienna and intended to document the imperial bride’s development. Katalog der niederösterreichischen Landesausstellung in Schlosshof und Niederweiden 1986, Wien 1986, Spielman, John P.: Leopold I. On 11 September 1661 at the Neuburg Hofkirche, she was anointed by Marquard II Schenk von Castell, Prince-bishop of Eichstätt. The latter was later married off to the Elector of Bavaria, a marriage that was to prove disastrous. In 1666, he married Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651–1673), daughter of King Philip IV of Spain, who was both his niece and his first cousin. He subsequently became her spiritual mentor until his death. Charles Boit: Leopold I surrounded by his family, 1703, enamel painting on gold plaque. Accept all cookies. After Joseph’s sudden death in 1711 Eleonore assumed the regency in the interim period until Charles VI took over the reins of government. During a joint pilgrimage, the imperial couple paid a visit to the Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting. [3][7], In April 1676, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor lost his second wife and almost immediately began to search for a new one, urged by the need of a male heir. Her court was affected by her strong religious views: strict, simple and conventlike. Länder und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter (= Österreichische Geschichte 1522–1699, hg. There are conflicting assessments of her governance during this time. Eleanor of Austria is a German princess and the niece of Emperor Leopold. 157–158. Her heart was put in an urn and placed in the Herzgruft at the Augustinian Church. The opponents of the Count Palatine of Neuburg in the Imperial court spread rumours that she suffered from poor health and was physically unattractive. Claudia Felicitas was the last representative of this branch of the Habsburgs, and with this union Tyrol once more reverted to the main line of the dynasty. She was an active member of the Gesellenschaft det Sklavinnen oder Leibeign Mariens, a lay order devoted to Virgin Mary, which prescribed daily religious observance and religious charity. [12], As Empress, Eleanore took control over the economy of the imperial court and managed to reduce its expenses through more effective organization. She served as regent for a few months in 1711, period in which she signed the Treaty of Szatmár, which recognized the rights of her descendants to the Hungarian throne. Leopold’s second wife was Archduchess Claudia Felicitas (1653–1676) from the collateral Tyrolean line of the dynasty.