[302] The EU does fund a programme for Israeli, Jordanian, Irish, and British football coaches, as part of the Football 4 Peace project. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower. Cities are largely spread out across the EU with a large grouping in and around the Benelux. Regulations, directives, and decisions are of equal legal value and apply without any formal hierarchy. The interpretation and the application of EU law and the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the European Union. C 326/16 Journal officiel de l’Union européenne 26.10.2012FR [84] For comparison, the EU-28 birth rate had stood at 10.6 in 2000, 12.8 in 1985 and 16.3 in 1970. [126] Half the trade in the EU is covered by legislation harmonised by the EU.[242]. [170], Under the principle of supremacy, national courts are required to enforce the treaties that their member states have ratified, and thus the laws enacted under them, even if doing so requires them to ignore conflicting national law, and (within limits) even constitutional provisions. Article plus récent Article plus ancien Accueil. [204] 21 EU members are members of NATO[205] while the remaining member states follow policies of neutrality. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [112], The EU has no formal connection to any religion. In varietate concordiaOde à la joie • Journée de l'Europe, Cliquez sur « [+] » pour dérouler une catégorie, Suivi des modifications du portail > Suivi des modifications des articles de la catégorie Union européenne > Suivi des modifications de l'arborescence. Matériel pédagogique, jeux et bien plus sur l’Union européenne et ses activités, à l’attention des enseignants, des enfants et des adolescents. [278], In 2017, EU emitted 9.1% of the global Greenhouse-gas emissions[27] The EU has a target of zero GHG emission by 2050. union europeenne - Toute l'info et l'actualité sur Europe 1. [52][53], After World War II, European integration was seen as an antidote to the extreme nationalism which had devastated parts of the continent. EU policy is in general promulgated by EU directives, which are then implemented in the domestic legislation of its member states, and EU regulations, which are immediately enforceable in all member states. L'Union est fondée sur le présent traité et sur le traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne (ci-après dénommés «les traités»). The anthem of the Union is an instrumental version of the prelude to the Ode to Joy, the 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's ninth symphony. [281][282] Through its support of the Bologna Process, the EU is supporting comparable standards and compatible degrees across Europe. Pour voir cette vidéo vous devez accepter les cookies de YouTube. Publié par Unknown à 15:59. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became EU members. Union européenne - Wikipédia Union européenne - Wikipédia. The only institution empowered to propose legislation, serves as the "Guardian of the Treaties". [260], The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the long lasting policies of the European Community. In 1987 the European Political Cooperation was introduced on a formal basis by the Single European Act. La diversité de l’Union européenne comme richesse et source de complexité . It provides support for the development, promotion and distribution of European works within Europe and beyond. The Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union[113] recognises the "status under national law of churches and religious associations" as well as that of "philosophical and non-confessional organisations". Partnership and cooperation agreements are bilateral agreements with non-member nations. The monetary policy of the eurozone is determined by the European Central Bank. Outils personnels The legal basis for EU environmental policy was established with the introduction of the Single European Act in 1987. Afficher/cacher la barre latérale Rechercher. [165][166], EU member states retain all powers not explicitly handed to the European Union. [108] Already in 2004, it was planned that Turkish would become an official language when Cyprus reunites. Union Européenne : toute l'actualité en direct, soyez informé de toute l’info en continu, en images et en vidéos, dans les pays européens (UE). Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l'Europe cherche un moyen de consolider la paix. [x] In more recent years, these have been supplemented by powers to legislate against discrimination based on race, religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation. This entails a partial delegation of sovereignty to the institutions in return for representation within those institutions, a practice often referred to as "pooling of sovereignty".[120][121]. [175] Decisions from the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice but only on a point of law. L'Union européenne n'est pas un Etat, mais une organisation qui ne peut agir que sur la base des compétences que les Etats ont accepté de lui transférer. [114], The preamble to the Treaty on European Union mentions the "cultural, religious and humanist inheritance of Europe". Its powers are limited in areas where member states' view sovereignty to be of primary concern (i.e. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (OJ L 180, 19 July 2000, pp. À la suite du Coup de Prague qui renforce la peur de l'expansion soviétique, la Fran Galileo is a proposed Satellite navigation system, to be built by the EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The budget included a covid recovery fund of €750 billion. "[324] However, R. Daniel Kelemen argues that the EU has proved beneficial to leaders who are overseeing democratic backsliding, as the EU is reluctant to intervene in domestic politics, gives authoritarian governments funds which they can use to strengthen their regimes, and because freedom of movement within the EU allows dissenting citizens to leave their backsliding countries. [250] Around 46% of the energy consumed was produced within the member states while 54% was imported. In the eurozone, trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members. Of the top 500 largest corporations in the world measured by revenue in 2010, 161 had their headquarters in the EU. Österreich, België - Belgique, България, Κύπρος, Česko, Deutschland, Danmark, Eesti, España, Finland, France, Hrvatska, Ελλάδα, Magyarország, Ireland, Italia, Latvija, Lietuva, Luxembourg, Malta, Nederland, Polska, Portugal, România, Slovensko, Slovenija, Sverige « Union européenne » sur Wikipédia L'Union européenne est une organisation ancienne et complexe qui est aujourd'hui la première puissance économique mondiale. The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court of Auditors. defence). Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds are supporting the development of underdeveloped regions of the EU. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 février 2019 à 23:23. See Craig and de Búrca, p. 115. The European Commission working sectors are: Aeronautics, automotive, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, cosmetics, defense, electronics, firearms, food and drink, gambling, healthcare, maritime, mechanics, medical, postal, raw materials, space, textile, tourism, toys and Social economy (Societas cooperativa Europaea). The aim of this financial control system is to ensure the economic stability of the EU.[249]. In the Elections to the European Parliament in 2019, the green parties increased their power, possibly because of the rise of post materialist values. In 1990, after the fall of the Eastern Bloc, the former East Germany became part of the Communities as part of a reunified Germany.[70]. In other areas the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. [r], The direct effect and supremacy doctrines were not explicitly set out in the European Treaties but were developed by the Court of Justice itself over the 1960s, apparently under the influence of its then most influential judge, Frenchman Robert Lecourt[171]. Laws made by the EU institutions are passed in a variety of forms. Avec une population totale de plus de 510 millions d'habitants, l'UE est la deuxième puissance économique mondiale en termes de PIB nominal derrière les États-Unis. In the decades following the outcomes of the Congress of Vienna,[44] ideals of European unity flourished across the continent, especially in the writings of Wojciech Jastrzębowski (1799–1882)[45] or Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872). Later that year, Slovenia adopted the euro,[73] followed by Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania in 2015. [169] These are power-giving treaties which set broad policy goals and establish institutions with the necessary legal powers to implement those goals. Johnson, S.P. "[49] During the same decade, Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, one of the first to imagine of a modern political union of Europe, founded the Pan-Europa Movement. Les principes de l’Union européenne sont la liberté, la démocratie, le respect des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales. [216] The European Development Fund (EDF, €22.7 billion for the period 2008–2013 and €30.5 billion for the period 2014–2020) is made up of voluntary contributions by member states, but there is pressure to merge the EDF into the budget-financed instruments to encourage increased contributions to match the 0.7% target and allow the European Parliament greater oversight. After the recent enlargement, the new states that joined since 2004 added the problem of solving accessibility to the transport agenda. The overall life expectancy in the EU in 2018 was 81.0 years, higher than the World average of 72.6 years. Articles : Le Royaume-Uni quitte l’Union européenne; Royaume-Uni : vote décisif sur le Brexit; Graeme Villeret. [213] Frontex is an agency of the EU established to manage the cooperation between national border guards securing its external borders. Nº 172/2020 : 17 décembre 2020. Christians in the European Union are divided among members of Catholicism (both Roman and Eastern Rite), numerous Protestant denominations (Anglicans, Lutherans, and Reformed forming the bulk of this category), and the Eastern Orthodox Church. L'Union se substitue et succède à la Communauté européenne. [288] A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co-operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality cross-border healthcare for European patients. [261] The policy has the objectives of increasing agricultural production, providing certainty in food supplies, ensuring a high quality of life for farmers, stabilising markets, and ensuring reasonable prices for consumers. To prevent the joining states from getting into financial trouble or crisis after entering the monetary union, they were obliged in the Maastricht treaty to fulfil important financial obligations and procedures, especially to show budgetary discipline and a high degree of sustainable economic convergence, as well as to avoid excessive government deficits and limit the government debt to a sustainable level. L'Union est fondée sur le présent traité et sur le traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne (ci-après dénommés «les traités»). [152] In addition to its legislative functions, the council also exercises executive functions in relations to the Common Foreign and Security Policy. [284], The EU has no major competences in the field of health care and Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities".