Through that process, the Adriatic Sea produces most of the East Mediterranean deep water. Croatian marine aquaculture production consisted of tuna (47.2%), oysters and mussels (28.2% combined) and bass and bream (24.6% combined). [115] The Isole Tremiti reserve has been protected since 1989, while the Tremiti islands themselves are part of the Gargano National Park. [108], Tuna has been caught by the locals in the upper Adriatic for thousands of years. The plate's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate. Implemented for the first time on October 3, 2020,[70] the barriers are made to seal off three inlets that lead to the Venetian Lagoon and counteract floods of up to ten feet; in addition to protecting the city from flooding, the barrier system is also intended to stabilize Venice's water levels so as to minimize erosion of the brick walls and, subsequently, the foundations of various buildings in the city. The Adriatic Sea (/ ˌ eɪ d r i ˈ æ t ɪ k /) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans.The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley.The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and … The Croatia–Montenegro maritime boundary is disputed in the Bay of Kotor, at the Prevlaka peninsula. [122] Telašćica is a nature park established on Dugi Otok in 1988. At the same time, Slovenian fisheries produced a total of 2,500 tonnes (2,460 long tons) with 55% of the production volume originating in aquaculture, representing the highest ratio in the Adriatic. Suggestions. Doggy Beach. The Central Adriatic is especially abundant in endemic plant species, with 535 identified species of green, brown and red algae. The Adriatic Sea (/ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans. [78] Historical earthquakes in the area include the 1627 Gargano peninsula and the 1667 Dubrovnik earthquakes, both followed by strong tsunamis. L’eau est basse et le fond sableux, voilà pourquoi se baigner ici est joli, amusant et sûr, tout spécialement pour les enfants qui … It is estimated that some karst formations are from earlier sea level drops, most notably the Messinian salinity crisis. Finally, the Montenegrin fisheries production stood at 911 tonnes (897 long tons) in 2006, with only 11 tonnes coming from aquaculture. [120] The Lim Canal is a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) ria of the Pazinčica river. Career. In total, more than 3.5 million people live on the Adriatic coasts. Jukić (1972, 1975) found that, in the central Adriatic channels, the Red mullet s food consists of Polychaeta, Lamellibranchiata and Crustacea.The same prey was described as the dominant food of this species by Haidar (1970) and Froglia (1988).It is also observed that the … Part I: Air–Sea Interactions and Water Mass Structure", 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1492:TASGCP>2.0.CO;2, Lionello, Malanotte-Rizzoli & Boscolo 2006, "Led okovao svjetionik, u Tisnom smrznulo more", "Mediterranean climate: Background information", "Köppenova podjela klima i hrvatsko nazivlje", "Population in major towns and municipalities, 2011 census", "Population and Housing Census in Albania", "Koliko je Jadran doista opterećen antropogenim i prirodnim unosom tvari? This led to conflict with the Illyrians, who lived in a collection of semi-Hellenized kingdoms that covered much of the Balkans and controlled the eastern shore of the sea, resulting in the Illyrian Wars from 229–168 BC. [9] It extends 800 kilometres (500 mi) from the northwest to the southeast and is 200 kilometres (120 mi) wide. Best Answer for L'adriatique E.g. [211] The Ottoman Empire lost all territories along the Adriatic following the First Balkan War and consequent 1913 Treaty of London that established an independent Albania. In the Late Oligocene, the motion was reversed and the Apennine Mountains' orogeny took place. [125], In Slovenia, the marine and coastal protected nature areas are the Sečovlje Salina Landscape Park, Strunjan Landscape Park, Škocjan Inlet Nature Reserve, and the Debeli Rtič, Cape Madona and Lakes in Fiesa natural monuments. [237] The depleted stocks of fish are being addressed through a new proposed EU fisheries policy that was scheduled to take effect in 2013, when Croatia acceded to the EU,[254] and restore the stocks to sustainable levels by 2015. ... Déjà en mai, la température oscille entre 21 et 25°C. [238], The Adriatic Euroregion was established in Pula in 2006 to promote trans-regional and trans-national cooperation in the Adriatic Sea area and serve as an Adriatic framework to help resolve issues of regional importance. [82] Most of the eastern coast is characterised by a karst topography, developed from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform's exposure to weathering. [73] An active 200-kilometre (120 mi) fault has been identified to the northwest of Dubrovnik, adding to the Dalmatian islands as the Eurasian Plate slides over the Adriatic microplate. The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea,[7] bordered in the southwest by the Apennine or Italian Peninsula, in the northwest by the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and in the northeast by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania—the Balkan peninsula. [250] ZERP was introduced in 2003, but its application to EU member states was suspended in 2004. La carte ci-dessous présente une moyenne mensuelle de la température de l'eau de la mer adriatique pour le mois de août pour plusieurs villes côtières. The treaty reversed all wartime annexations, guaranteed the independence of Albania, created the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) as a city-state, and gave communist Yugoslavia most of the Slovenian Littoral, as well as Istria, the islands of Cres, Lastovo and Palagruža, and the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Gulland, J.A. [265], There are nineteen Adriatic Sea ports (in four different countries) that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year. In the Adriatic, there are at least 410 species and subspecies of fish, representing approximately 70% of Mediterranean taxa, with at least 7 species endemic to the Adriatic. D. [9][28], Exclusive economic zones in Adriatic Sea :[29], The Adriatic Sea's average depth is 259.5 metres (851 ft), and its maximum depth is 1,233 metres (4,045 ft); however, the North Adriatic basin rarely exceeds a depth of 100 metres (330 ft). [146] The Slovenian government and municipalities,[147] the municipal council of Trieste,[148] and non-governmental organisations have voiced concern over their environmental hazards, effect on transport and effect on tourism. In 2008, INA produced 14.58 million BOE per day of gas. Geophysical and geological information indicate that the Adriatic Sea and the Po Valley are associated with a tectonic microplate—identified as the Apulian or Adriatic Plate—that separated from the African Plate during the Mesozoic era. The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate, which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era. [165][166] This made the sea passage across the Adriatic between Brundisium and Dyrrachium (or Apollonia) a link in the primary route for travelers, trade, and troop movements, between Rome and the East. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. However, increasing fishing prevented the migration of large schools of fish to the north. INA estimates, however, are 50% lower than those supplied by Eni. [18] The North Adriatic basin, extending between Venice and Trieste towards a line connecting Ancona and Zadar, is only 15 metres (49 ft) deep at its northwestern end; it gradually deepens towards the southeast. Other translations. Température mer: 14° 13° 13° 15° 18° 21° 24° 25° 22° 20° 17° 15° [183], The High Middle Ages in the Adriatic Sea basin saw further territorial changes, including the Norman conquest of southern Italy ending the Byzantine presence on the Apennine peninsula in the 11th and 12th centuries (the territory would become the Kingdom of Naples in 1282)[184][185] and the control of a substantial part of the eastern Adriatic coast by the Kingdom of Hungary after a personal union was established between Croatia and Hungary in 1102. Brundisium was linked by the Via Appia road to the city of Rome, and Dyrrachium and Apollonia were both on the Via Egnatia, a road that by about 130 BC the Romans had extended eastward across the Balkans to Byzantium (later Constantinople, now Istanbul). Finally, in case you’re still wondering where is the Adriatic sea…. There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic, designed to protect the sea's karst habitats and biodiversity. [112] The Brijuni national park encompasses the 743.3-hectare (1,837-acre) archipelago itself and 2,651.7 hectares (6,552 acres) of surrounding sea;[119] it became a national park in 1999. [45] Another significant contributor of freshwater to the Adriatic is the submarine groundwater discharge through submarine springs (Croatian: vrulja); it is estimated to comprise 29% of the total water flux into the Adriatic. [36] Such flooding is caused by a combination of factors, including the alignment of the Sun and Moon, meteorological factors such as sirocco related storm surges,[37] and the basin's geometric shape (which amplifies or reduces the astronomical component). The greatest portion of the discharge from any single river comes from the Po (28%),[43] with an average discharge from it alone of 1,569 cubic metres per second (55,400 cu ft/s). [48] The Middle and South Adriatic Gyres (SAG), are significant cyclonic circulation features, with the former being intermittent and the latter permanent. Google Scholar. The origins of the name Adriatic are linked to the Etruscan settlement of Adria, which probably derives its name from the Illyrian adur meaning water or sea. [30] The Middle Adriatic basin is south of the Ancona–Zadar line, with the 270-metre (890 ft) deep Middle Adriatic Pit (also called the Pomo Depression or the Jabuka Pit). The earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan, Illyrian, and Greek. Fish population analysis. The bulk of its food is made of endo-, meso- and epi-biontic sea organisms. [8] The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the boundary between the Adriatic and the Ionian seas as a line running from the Butrinto River's mouth (latitude 39°44'N) in Albania to the Karagol Cape in Corfu, through this island to the Kephali Cape (these two capes are in latitude 39°45'N), and on to the Santa Maria di Leuca Cape (latitude 39°48'N). [118], There are seven marine protected areas in Croatia: Brijuni and the Lim Canal off the Istria peninsula's coast, near Pula and Rovinj respectively; Kornati and Telašćica in the Middle Adriatic basin, near Zadar; and Lastovo, Bay of Mali Ston (Croatian: Malostonski zaljev) and Mljet in southern Dalmatia. Température mer: 14° 14° 14° 16° 19° 23° 26° 25° 24° 21° 19° 16° Chlorophyll a concentration data were supplied by Drs A.Tsuda, H.Saito and H.Kasai of the Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute. [98], The unique nature of the Adriatic gives rise to an abundance of endemic flora and fauna. Overexploited species include common dentex, red scorpionfish, monkfish, John Dory, blue shark, spiny dogfish,[250] mullet, red mullet, Norway lobster,[251] as well as European hake,[252] and sardines. This rate of discharge amounts to 0.5% of the total Adriatic Sea volume, or a 1.3-metre (4 ft 3 in) layer of water each year. [245][246][247] Aside from the EU membership difficulty, even before its settling the dispute has caused no major practical problems. La température de l'eau est comprise entre 13°C et 28°C. [121] The Kornati national park was established in 1980; it covers approximately 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), including 89 islands and islets. ... Sea level, evaporation, precipitation, temperature. [63] There are also some larger cities that are located very near the coast, such as the Italian cities of Ravenna and Lecce. fév. In 402 AD, during a period of repeated Germanic invasions of Italy, the capital was shifted to Ravenna because nearby marshes made it more defensible, and the Adriatic provided an easy escape path by sea. [236][244] Croatia's application to become an EU member state was initially suspended pending resolution of its border disputes with Slovenia. [140] Venice is often cited as an example of polluted coastal waters where shipping, transportation, farming, manufacturing and wastewater disposal contribute to polluting the sea. [286] About 100 offshore platforms are located in the Emilia-Romagna region,[112] along with 17 in the Northern Adriatic. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along the Croatian part of its eastern coast. This circulation has significantly contributed to the biodiversity of the countries along the eastern Adriatic coast; the common bottlenose dolphin is frequent in the eastern coast's waters only, and the Croatian coast provides refuge for the critically endangered monk seal and sea turtles. However, during the reign of Justinian the Byzantine Empire sent an army under the general Belisarius to regain control of Italy, resulting in the Gothic War (535–554). [190], Venice regained Dalmatia in 1409 and held it for nearly four hundred years, with the republic's apex of trading and military power in the first half of the 15th century. Durant l'Oligocène, la péninsule … [137], In 2010, Albania established its first marine protection area, the Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park at the Karaburun Peninsula where the Adriatic and Ionian Seas meet. Pesca … [54] The Adriatic's salinity variation over the year is likewise distinct:[51] it ranges between 38 and 39 PSUs. [226] After the fall of communism, Yugoslavia broke apart: Slovenia and Croatia declared independence in 1991,[227] and Bosnia–Herzegovina followed in 1992,[228] while Montenegro remained in a federation with Serbia, officially called Serbia and Montenegro. Sea ice and … La température de la mer varie de 14 ° à 25 °. [236] Following Croatian EU membership, the Adriatic became an internal sea of the EU. août sept. oct. nov. déc. Karstification there largely began after the Dinarides' final uplift in the Oligocene and the Miocene, when carbonate deposits were exposed to atmospheric effects; this extended to the level of 120 metres (390 ft) below the present sea level, exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum. Les États membres notifient toute subdivision à la Commission au plus tard à la date précisée à l’article 26, paragraphe 1, premier alinéa, mais ils peuvent la modifier après achèvement de l’évaluation initiale visée à l’article 5, paragraphe 2, point a) i). Rapp. ... Régime annuel et saisonnier de température et couverture de … ... M. Zore-ArmandaLes masses d′eau de la mer Adriatique. [292] In January 2012, INA commenced prospecting for oil off Dubrovnik, marking the resumption of oil exploration along the eastern Adriatic coast after surveys commenced in the late 1980s around the island of Brač were cancelled because of Yugoslavia's breakup and war in Croatia. Quand partir Côte Adriatique, Italie. ESE EES. [195] The Ottomans and Venetians fought a series of wars, but until the 17th century these were not fought in the Adriatic area. L’automne est une saison encore agréable pour profiter des plages car le soleil est encore au rendez-vous mais la température de la mer commence à se rafraîchir avec ses 21°C. [46] The submarine springs include thermal springs, discovered offshore near the town of Izola. janv. [288] Oil was discovered in the Northern Adriatic at a depth of approximately 5,400 metres (17,700 ft); the discovery was assessed as not viable because of its location, depth and quality. [168] Marc Antony and Octavian (later Augustus) crossed the Adriatic to Dyrrachium with their armies in their campaign against two of Caesar's assassins, Brutus and Cassius, that culminated in the Battle of Philippi. The area encompasses 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of coastline near the Miramare promontory in the Gulf of Trieste. [74] In the Northern Adriatic, the coast of the Gulf of Trieste and western Istria is gradually subsiding, having sunk about 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in the past two thousand years. La côte croate de l'Adriatique connait trois types des conditions météorologiques – cette lors de sirocco (jugo en croate), le vent chaud et humide, - cette lors de bora (bura en croate), le vent froid et sec apportant les conditions stabiles, - et celle lors de maestral, le vent soufflant du nord-ouest pendant le jour et burin soufflant pendant la nuit. Au cours de l'année, il tombe 800 mm de pluie ; la neige est plus rare qu'à Milan et Turin, et en tout cas pas abondante, mais la ville est soumise au vent froid en provenance de l'Europe de l'est, la Bora. For other uses, see, Body of water between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula, *Beds in all collective accommodation facilities; includes "Hotel beds" figure also shown separately, Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the. [249] Overfishing is a recognised problem—450 species of fish live in the Adriatic Sea, including 120 species threatened by excessive commercial fishing, a problem exacerbated by pollution and global warming. Temperature and salinity were measured at the stations: P1 on 56% of cruises, 95% at P2, 77% at P3, 67% at P4, 66% at P5 and 40% at P6. [49], The Adriatic's surface temperature usually ranges from 22 to 30 °C (72 to 86 °F) in the summer, or 12 to 14 °C (54 to 57 °F) in the winter, except along the western Adriatic coast's northern part, where it drops to 9 °C (48 °F) in the winter. The Northern Adriatic's comparatively shallow seabed is characterised by relict sand (from times when the water level was lower and the area was a sandy beach), while a muddy bed is typical at depths below 100 metres (330 ft). [176], The last part of the period saw the rise of the Carolingian Empire and then the Frankish Kingdom of Italy, which controlled the Adriatic Sea's western coast,[177] while Byzantine Dalmatia on the east coast gradually shrunk following the Avar and Croatian invasions starting in the 7th century. [39] Such unusually high tides resulting in flooding have also been observed elsewhere in the Adriatic Sea, and have been recorded in recent years in the towns of Koper, Zadar and Šibenik as well. The exchange of the substances is made more complex by bathymetry of the Adriatic Sea—75% of water flowing north through the strait recirculates at the Palagruža Sill and North Adriatic adds no more than 3 – 4% of water to the South Adriatic. de mer. [263] For Montenegro, the direct contribution of tourism to the national GDP is 8.1%, with the total contribution to the economy at 17.2% of Montenegrin GDP. [112][113] The Miramare protected area was established in 1986 and covers 30 hectares (74 acres) of coast and 90 hectares (220 acres) of sea. Voici les températures moyennes de la mer. [280], Natural gas is produced through several projects, including a joint venture of the Eni and INA companies that operates two platforms—one is in Croatian waters and draws gas from six wells, and the other (which started operating in 2010) is located in Italian waters. The initial Roman intervention in 229 BC, motivated in part by a desire to suppress Illyrian piracy in the Adriatic, marked the first time that the Roman navy crossed that sea to launch a military campaign. Retrouvez ci-dessous les moyennes de température relevées en août dans les différents pays côtiers de la mer adriatique. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea. [34], The normal tide levels are known to increase significantly in a conducive environment, leading to coastal flooding; this phenomenon is most famously known in Italy—especially Venice—as acqua alta. An advance began after the Last Glacial Maximum, which brought the Adriatic to a high point at about 5,500 years ago. [12][13] In the late 19th century, Austria-Hungary established a geodetic network with an elevation benchmark using the average Adriatic Sea level at the Sartorio pier in Trieste, Italy. It contributes to the flow of bottom water from the Adriatic to the Levantine Basin through the Ionian Sea. The bora is significantly conditioned by wind gaps in the Dinaric Alps bringing cold and dry continental air; it reaches peak speeds in the areas of Trieste, Senj, and Split, with gusts of up to 180 kilometres per hour (97 kn; 110 mph). [293] As of January 2012, only 200 exploration wells had been sunk off the Croatian coast, with all but 30 in the Northern Adriatic basin. [221], During World War II, the Adriatic saw only limited naval action, starting with the Italian invasion of Albania and the joint Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en janvier - Minimum : 50°F/Maximum : 59°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en février - Minimum : 48°F/Maximum : 59°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en mars - Minimum : 50°F/Maximum : 60°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en avril - Minimum : 56°F/Maximum : 61°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en mai - Minimum : … [130] The 429-hectare (1,060-acre) Strunjan Landscape Park was established in 2004 and comprises two nature reserves. [264] Tourism in Adriatic Croatia has recently exhibited greater growth than in the other regions around the Adriatic. [156] During classical antiquity, Illyrians inhabited the eastern Adriatic coast,[157] and the western coast was inhabited by the peoples of Ancient Italy, mainly Etruscans, before the Roman Republic's rise. [212], The World War I Adriatic Campaign was largely limited to blockade attempts by the Allies and the effort of the Central Powers to thwart the British, French and Italian moves. Taken from bottoms temperature ranges from 12 to 16.5°C--40-800 m but they are cought mainly between 100 and 300 m: Citation: 7 , 18 , 27 ... Piccinetti, C. (1983) Distribution des larves de Mullus barbatus L. en Adriatique. [289] These gas and oil reserves are part of the Po basin Province of Northern Italy and the Northern Mediterranean Sea. Plusieurs pays bordent la mer adriatique tels que la Croatie, la Slovénie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, l’Italie et l’Albanie. [261][262] The direct contribution of travel and tourism to Croatia's GDP stood at 5.1% in 2011, with the total industry contribution estimated at 12.8% of the national GDP. Veneto is followed by the Emilia-Romagna region and by the Adriatic Croatian counties. [217] The treaty was largely disregarded by Britain and France because of conflicting promises made to Serbia and a perceived lack of Italian contribution to the war effort outside Italy itself. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The depleted fish stock, and Croatia's Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) contributed to accusations of overfishing exchanged between Italian and Croatian fishermen. This route played a major role in some of the military operations that marked the end of the Roman Republic and start of the imperial period. In the Late Oligocene, the Apennine Peninsula first formed, separating the Adriatic Basin from the rest of the Mediterranean.