He also stated, "We've invested in capabilities to ensure that if that happens, we can defeat that. Il est placé sous la double souveraineté d'Oman et de l'Iran mais la libre circulation y est, en théorie, garantie par une convention des Nations unies. On August … [70][71] The UAE is building the world's largest crude oil storage facility in Fujairah with a capacity of holding 14 million barrels to enhance Fujairah's growth as a global oil and trading hub. [43], In July 2019, a Stena Bulk Tanker, Stena Impero, sailing under a British flag, was boarded and captured by Iranian forces. [citation needed] [24], The U.S. Navy spokesman Commander Bill Speaks quickly responded that deployment of U.S. military assets would continue as has been the custom stating: "The U.S. Navy operates under international maritime conventions to maintain a constant state of high vigilance in order to ensure the continued, safe flow of maritime traffic in waterways critical to global commerce. [7] In 2018 alone, 21 million barrels a day were passing through the strait - this means $1.17 billion worth of oil a day, at September 2019 prices. Les récentes attaques de tankers en mer d’Oman puis l’épisode du drone américain abattu attisent le spectre de perturbations significatives du trafic et de déstabilisation du marché pétrolier : le cours du baril de WTI s’est ainsi envolé de quelque 6 % jeudi à New York. [42] Baqeri is also quoted for stating "If our oil does not pass, the oil of others shall not pass the Strait of Hormuz either". [56], In December 2011, Iran's navy began a ten-day exercise in international waters along the strait. [41], Aljazeera quoted Major-General Mohammad Baqeri of the Iranian Armed Forces, stating "We are not after closing the Strait of Hormuz but if the hostility of the enemies increases, we will be able to do so". En juillet 1988, un Airbus A300 de la compagnie nationale Iran Air, assurant la liaison entre Bandar Abbas et Dubaï, avait été abattu par deux missiles d’une frégate américaine qui patrouillait dans le détroit : 290 personnes avaient été tuées. Détroit d’Ormuz : « Le monde entier a peur des sanctions américaines et de Trump » - Duration: 36:50. In the same article, Suzanne Maloney, an Iran expert at the Brookings Institution, said, "The expectation is that the U.S. military could address any Iranian threat relatively quickly. Current Politics and Economics of the Middle East, 2018, p. 139-150. "Traversing the Persian Gauntlet: U.S. On 3 July 1988, 290 people were killed when an Iran Air Airbus A300 was shot down over the strait by the United States Navy guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes (CG-49) when it was wrongly identified as a jet fighter. It will have a capacity of 1.65 million barrels per day. Le 18 juillet, Donald Trump affirme qu'un navire américain situé dans le détroit d'Ormuz, l'USS Boxer, a détruit un drone iranien qui s'approchait dangereusement de lui. On 29 June 2008, the commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, Mohammad Ali Jafari, said that if either Israel or the United States attacked Iran, it would seal off the Strait of Hormuz to wreak havoc in the oil markets. [54], A 2008 article in International Security contended that Iran could seal off or impede traffic in the Strait for a month, and an attempt by the U.S. to reopen it would be likely to escalate the conflict. [27] The British Government however have said that this move has been long-planned, as Daring will replace another Armilla patrol frigate. 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Depuis l’arrivée du président Trump au pouvoir, la tension y est à son comble. In the 10th–17th centuries AD, the Kingdom of Ormus, which seems to have given the strait its name, was located here. [66][63] A key interest to the U.S. in the Persian Gulf, is the free flow of oil and natural gas through the Strait of Hormuz. One U.S. carrier battle group from Japan would complement the two which are already in the Persian Gulf, for a total of five battle groups, not including the submarines. (3) At last, Iran can continue their threats of Strait closure as responses to U.S sanctions, or conduct more naval exercises, displaying their naval capabilities. The court ruling allegedly ordered a fine of $3.6 million. During the 1970s, neither Iran or Oman attempted to impede the passage of warships through the strait, but in the 1980s, both countries asserted claims that were different from customary (old) law. Escalada de tensión en el estrecho de Ormuz: Irán intercepta una aeronave 'espía' y EEUU le acusa de derribar uno de sus drones The UAE is also increasing Fujairah's storage and off-loading capacities. 0. L’équipage de l’« USS Vincennes » avait affirmé avoir pris l’Airbus pour un chasseur iranien animé d’intentions hostiles. Le mois suivant, des patrouilleurs iraniens tiraient des coups de semonce dans une apparente tentative d’interception d’un navire commercial battant pavillon singapourien. News", "Royal Navy sends its mightiest ship to take on the Iranian show of force in the Gulf", "U.S. bottom-moored contact mines; moored and bottom-influence mines; drifting mines and remotely controlled mines. Additionally, a closing of the Strait would also have severe consequences for Iran itself. L’hypothèse d’une guerre États-Unis-Iran est même envisagée. [10], Oman has a radar site Link Quality Indicator (LQI) to monitor the TSS in the Strait of Hormuz. "Closing Time: Assessing the Iranian Threat to the Strait of Hormuz". Afin de nous permettre de conserver notre pérennité économique, Des visiteurs dans le détroit d’Ormuz, au large de Bandar Abbas (Iran), le 29 avril 2019. The resemblance of this word with the name of the Zoroastrian god هرمز Hormoz (a variant of Ahura Mazda) has resulted in the popular belief[citation needed][neutrality is disputed] that these words are related. On 8 January 2007, the nuclear submarine USS Newport News, traveling submerged, struck MV Mogamigawa, a 300,000-ton Japanese-flagged very large crude tanker, south of the strait. "[25], While earlier statements from Iran had little effect on global oil markets, coupled with the new sanctions, these comments from Iran are driving crude futures higher, up over 4%. [62], • Naval mine-laying capabilities. [57][58], Captain John Kirby, a Pentagon spokesman, was quoted in a December 2011 Reuters article: "Efforts to increase tension in that part of the world are unhelpful and counter-productive. American Foreign Policy Interests, 2010. Nous respectons votre choix. Military and diplomatic officials still expected a strike as of 7 p.m. Thursday in retaliation for Iran shooting down an unmanned American drone. [10] Thus, by mid-1972, the Strait of Hormuz was completely "closed" by the combined territorial waters of Iran and Oman. Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta told troops in Texas that the United States would not tolerate Iran's closing of the strait. Nevertheless, Iran continued to discuss the impact of shutting the Strait on world oil markets, saying that any disruption of supply would cause a shock to markets that "no country" could manage. Tensions between the United States and Iran have been at their height since an American surveillance drone was shot down last week by Iranian forces. In the last week of July 2008, in the Operation Brimstone,[18] dozens of U.S. and foreign naval ships came to undergo joint exercises for possible military activity in the shallow waters off the coast of Iran. Iran’s use of its territorial advantages in the Strait of Hormuz is therefore more effective as a threat, than if a complete or partial closure of the Strait is actually executed. Ravivées en mai 2018 par le retrait américain de l’accord international sur le nucléaire et le rétablissement de lourdes sanctions, les tensions se sont récemment intensifiées avec des actes de sabotage et des attaques contre des pétroliers dans la région du Golfe en mai et en juin, imputées par Washington à Téhéran – qui a cependant démenti. [40], On 22 April 2019, the U.S. ended the oil waivers, which allowed some of Iran’s customers to import Iranian oil, without risking financial penalties as part of the U.S. economic sanctions against Iran. Le pétrole rend le détroit d’Ormuz indispensable à l’économie mondiale. Le président mauritanien, Ould Abdelaziz s’est attaqué au pouvoir en place du Qatar, en déclarant que ce pays a détruit les peuples et les pays arabes, en les infestant de terroristes et de terrorisme. "It was shore-to-shore", said one U.S. official describing the launch, who like the others requested anonymity to discuss sensitive information. [13] Iran limited the retaliatory attacks to Iraqi shipping, leaving the strait open.[13]. He indicated that tensions involving the Strait of Hormuz are leading those currently dependent on shipments from the Persian Gulf to find alternative shipping capabilities. If Iran were to follow through on its threats to completely or partially close of the Strait, one of the world’s most strategically important maritime choke points, the most effective way would be through the use of its anti-access/area-denial capabilities. However, since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, a significant part of Iran’s military spending has been allocated to the asymmetric warfare approach of its naval capabilities, the anti-access/ anti-denial (A2/AD) systems. "[70], Strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, 2019 U.S.–Iran tensions and attacks on oil tankers, Iran's Anti-Access/Area-Denial capabilities. Ce travail s'appuie sur les revenus complémentaires de la publicité et de l'abonnement. Le détroit d'Ormuz (en arabe : مضيق هرمز / Maḍīq Hurmuz ; en persan : تنگه هرمز / Tange-ye Hormoz) est un détroit reliant le golfe Persique au golfe d'Oman qui doit son nom à l'île iranienne Ormuz [1], située au sud-est de Bandar Abbas.Les pays frontaliers sont l'Iran au nord, le sultanat d'Oman (extrémité de la pointe sur la photo) et les Émirats arabes unis au sud (péninsule arabique). [12], The Tanker War phase of the Iran–Iraq War started when Iraq attacked the oil terminal and oil tankers at Iran's Kharg Island in early 1984. [20], On 27 December 2011, Iranian Vice President Mohammad-Reza Rahimi threatened to cut off oil supply from the Strait of Hormuz should economic sanctions limit, or cut off, Iranian oil exports. The battle, dubbed Operation Praying Mantis by the U.S., was launched in retaliation for the USS Samuel B. Roberts striking a mine laid in the channel by Iran on 14 April. Since the first week of April 2020, the operation combines the Dutch frigate Ruyter, the French frigate Forbin, and one french airplane ATLANTIC2 (ATL2). The Guardian, 2018. Talmadge, Caitlin. Further pressure on Iranian currency was added by French Foreign Minister Alain Juppé who was quoted as calling for more "strict sanctions" and urged EU countries to follow the US in freezing Iranian central bank assets and imposing an embargo on oil exports. If Iran is to block the maritime traffic through the Strait, the violation of international norms and damage to the global economy would likely end up in international support to the U.S. acting against Iran. Again, this had implication playing out in the Strait of Hormuz, as Iranian threats of Strait closure was put forward in April 2019. Une des perturbations majeures du transport pétrolier remonte à 1984, en plein conflit Iran-Irak (1980-1988), durant la « guerre des pétroliers ». U.S. President Donald Trump said he was prepared to hit three Iranian targets as a reprisal, but retracted … Une partrouille maritime iranienne dans le détroit d'Ormuz, le 30 avril 2019. Au sommaire cette semaine, l'escalade militaire dans le détroit d'Ormuz. [2][3], A third of the world's liquefied natural gas and almost 25% of total global oil consumption passes through the strait, making it a highly important strategic location for international trade.[3][4]. | [45], In 2020, France deployed about 600 troops at sea and in the air under the CTF474 to protect maritime trade, regional business, and to ease local tensions. Rezaei, Farhad. La fermeture du détroit d'Ormuz, ne serait-ce que pour une période de deux semaines, entraînerait des conséquences catastrophiques sur l'économie mondiale. En 2000, François Lamoureux, Directeur général à l’énergie de la Commission européenne, disait avec son sens de la formule : « Si le détroit d’Ormuz est bloqué, le lendemain le monde entier ira en vélo ». ( Comme pour les armes chimiques fabriqués par les Irakiens). La nouvelle a immédiatement entraîné un bond de 4% des cours du brut. Vice Admiral Kevin Cosgriff, commander of the U.S. 5th Fleet stationed in Bahrain across the Persian Gulf from Iran, warned that such Iranian action would be considered an act of war, and the U.S. would not allow Iran to hold hostage nearly a third of the world's oil supply. En avril 2015 encore, des bateaux des gardiens de la révolution avaient arraisonné dans le détroit d’Ormuz un porte-conteneurs des îles Marshall. This followed more ambiguous threats from Iran's oil minister and other government officials that an attack on Iran would result in turmoil in the world's oil supply. Insight Turkey, 2019, p. 183-214. Authorities were considering whether to reply, although the contents of the letter were not divulged. "Iran's Military Capability: The Structure and Strength of Forces". To the left of the straits are great mountains called Asabon and to the right there rises in full view another round and high mountain called Semiramis; between them the passage across the strait is about six hundred stadia; beyond which that very great and broad sea, the Persian Gulf, reaches far into the interior. Les Etats-Unis, bien que premier producteur mondial et exportateur net de pétrole, ont ainsi importé en 2018 environ 1,4 million de barils/jour de brut ayant passé par le détroit d’Ormuz, soit 7 % de leur consommation. [citation needed], A 2007 report from the Center for Strategic and International Studies also stated that 17 million barrels passed out of the Persian Gulf daily, but that oil flows through the Strait accounted for roughly 40% of all world-traded oil. [55] In a later issue, however, the journal published a response which questioned some key assumptions and suggested a much shorter timeline for re-opening. Again, this action would be a risk to energy-security, and the steady flow of oil through the strait. Luft stated that reducing Hormuz traffic "presents the West with a new opportunity to augment its current Iran containment strategy. [63], • Kilo-class submarines and midget submarines. American Foreign Policy Interests, 2010, p. 64-74. Respectivement capitale économique et politique notoires des Emirats, ce … [72] The Habshan – Fujairah route secures the UAE's energy security and has the advantage of being a ground oil pipeline transportation which is considered the cheapest form of oil transportation and also reduces insurance costs as oil tankers would no longer enter the Persian Gulf. USA – Iran tension: what consequences for tourism? [28], On 9 January 2012, Iranian Defense Minister Ahmad Vahidi denied that Iran had ever claimed that it would close the Strait of Hormuz, saying that "the Islamic Republic of Iran is the most important provider of security in the strait... if one threatens the security of the Persian Gulf, then all are threatened. Iranian Threats to Close the Strait of Hormuz", "Transit Passage Rights in the Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s Threats to Block the Passage of Oil Tankers", VIDEO: Iran shoots down U.S. military drone over Strait of Hormuz, List of cities, towns and villages in Hormozgan Province, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company, DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company, Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Hormuz&oldid=994726380, Bodies of water of the United Arab Emirates, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Articles with disputed statements from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, Articles with minor POV problems from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from September 2017, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 06:28.