La loi prussienne du 23 juin 1876, relative à la réunion du duché de Lauenbourg à la monarchie prussienne (en allemand : Gesetz betreffend die Vereinigung des Herzogtums Lauenburg mi… By the early 1950s, it had nevertheless stabilised at a level four times higher than the pre-war number. [4], In 1115, King Niels created his nephew Canute Lavard – a son of his predecessor Eric I – Earl of Schleswig, a title used for only a short time before the recipient began to style himself Duke.[5]. File:Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein.png Commonwealth of Schleswig-Holstein (Mankind Reborn Map Game) File:CV Map of Schleswig-Holstein 1991-present.png d'une lithographie représentant un paysage d'Heligoland (île de la Mer du Nord rattachée administrativement au Schleswig-Holstein), don E. Reclus en 1886] During the 10th century, there were several wars between East Francia and Denmark. La mer du Nord se trouvait à l'ouest et la mer Baltique à l'est. In the period 1600 to 1800 the region experienced the growth of manorialism of the sort common in the rye-growing regions of eastern Germany. Following the Protestant Reformation, when Latin was replaced as the medium of church service by the vernacular languages, the diocese of Schleswig was divided and an autonomous archdeaconry of Haderslev created. This line corresponds remarkably closely with the present border. Its construction, and in particular its great expansion around 737, has been interpreted as an indication of the emergence of a unified Danish state. Researchers surmised that the bodies were entombed in wooden coffins originally, but only the iron nails remained. From early medieval times, the area's significance lay in being the buffer province of Scandinavia and the Danish Realm towards the powerful Holy Roman Empire to the south, as well as being a transit area for the transfer of goods between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, connecting the trade route through Russia with the trade routes along the Rhine and the Atlantic coast (see also Kiel Canal). En 1815, Holstein devient un État membre de la Confédération germanique. In the Peace of Prague, the victorious Prussians annexed both Schleswig and Holstein, creating the province of Schleswig-Holstein. But around 1830, some Danes started to re-introduce the archaic term Sønderjylland to emphasize the area's history before its association with Holstein and its connection with the rest of Jutland. The latter was a fief subordinate to the Holy Roman Empire, while Schleswig remained a Danish fief. Portail du Saint-Empire romain germanique, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duché_de_Schleswig&oldid=175648540, Portail:Saint-Empire romain germanique/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Le duché de Schleswig passe alors sous suzeraineté de la Prusse et entre de fait dans la Confédération germanique. The Treaty of Heiligen was signed in 811 between the Danish King Hemming and Charlemagne, by which the border was established at the Eider. They specialized in high quality dairy products. During the early Viking Age, Haithabu – Scandinavia's biggest trading centre – was located in this region, which is also the location of the interlocking fortifications known as the Danewerk or Danevirke. Roman sources place the homeland of the tribe of Jutes north of the river Eider and that of the Angles south of it. Le duché de Schleswig (allemand : Herzogtum Schleswig ; danois : Hertugdømmet Slesvig ou Sønderjylland) a existé en tant que vassal du Danemark jusqu'à la … Blazon: Français : d'or à deux lions léopardés d'azur, armés et lampassés de gueules. However, the majority in the Danish parliament refused to support a referendum in South Schleswig, fearing that the "new Danes" were not genuine in their change of nationality. In Denmark, the National Liberal Party used the Schleswig Question as part of their agitation and demanded that the Duchy be incorporated into the Danish kingdom under the slogan "Denmark to the Eider". The Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Hertugdømmet Slesvig; German: Herzogtum Schleswig; Low German: Hartogdom Sleswig; North Frisian: Härtochduum Slaswik) was a duchy in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland) covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 miles) south of the current border between Germany and Denmark. In the 19th century, there was a naming dispute concerning the use of Schleswig or Slesvig and Sønderjylland (Southern Jutland). Other resolutions: 320 × 213 pixels | 640 × 427 pixels | 800 × 533 pixels | 1,024 × 683 pixels | 1,280 × 853 pixels. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 600 × 400 pixels. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 17 octobre 2020 à 09:50. Originally the duchy was called Sønderjylland (Southern Jutland) but in the late 14th century the name of the city Slesvig (now Schleswig) started to be used for the whole territory. This caused a conflict between Denmark and the German states over Schleswig and Holstein, which led to the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the 19th century. In the 17th century a series of wars between Denmark and Sweden—which Denmark lost—devastated the region economically. In Southern Schleswig, no referendum was held, as the likely outcome was apparent. 1851. Following the Second World War, a substantial part of the German population in Southern Schleswig changed their nationality and declared themselves as Danish. [Phot. Cette frontière est déjà mentionnée au XIe siècle par Adam de Brême. The region is also called Sleswick in English. Feudal lordship was combined with technical modernization, and the distinction between unfree labour and paid work was often vague. Après la guerre des Duchés, Holstein est intégré à la Prusse dans la province du Schleswig-Holstein en 1867. Even though many Danish nationalists, such as the National Liberal ideologue and agitator Orla Lehmann, used the name "Schleswig", it began to assume a clear German nationalist character in the mid 19th century – especially when included in the combined term "Schleswig-Holstein". [citation needed] Between 1544 and 1713/20, the ducal reign had become a condominium, with the royal House of Oldenburg and its cadet branch House of Holstein-Gottorp jointly holding the stake. Les danophones demandaient, eux, le rattachement pur et simple du Schleswig et du Holstein au Danemark. Dans le traité de Ribe de 1460 signé avec Christian Ier figurait le fait que les deux entités devaient rester liées pour l'éternité. En 1866, Bismarck, Premier ministre prussien, dénonçant une mauvaise gestion autrichienne dans le duché de Holstein, déclenche la guerre austro-prussienne. Danish drama series about the Second Schleswig War fought between the Kingdom of Denmark and the German Confederation. Attisé par la conception du nationalisme au XIXe siècle, la « question du Schleswig-Holstein » se déchargea dans les violents affrontements de la première guerre de Schleswig de 1848 jusqu'en 1851. Denmark again attempted to integrate Schleswig by creating a new common constitution (the so-called November Constitution) for Denmark and Schleswig in 1863, but the German Confederation, led by Prussia and Austria, defeated the Danes in the Second War of Schleswig the following year. The Treaty of Versailles provided for plebiscites to determine the allegiance of the region. In the 1230s, Southern Jutland (the Duchy of Slesvig) was allotted as an appanage to Abel Valdemarsen, Canute's great-grandson, a younger son of Valdemar II of Denmark. Abel, having wrested the Danish throne to himself for a brief period, left his duchy to his sons and their successors, who pressed claims to the throne of Denmark for much of the next century, so that the Danish kings were at odds with their cousins, the dukes of Slesvig. This change was caused by a number of factors, most importantly the German defeat and an influx of a large number of refugees from eastern Germany, whose culture and appearance differed from the local Germans, who were mostly descendants of Danish families who had changed their nationality in the 19th century. À la mort d'Adolphe VIII en 1459, la lignée des Schauenbourg de Holstein s'éteignit ; le Schleswig et le Holstein étaient si liés qu'il fut naturel aux nobles des deux entités de se doter d'un seigneur commun. After the German conquest in 1864, the term Sønderjylland became increasingly dominant among the Danish population, even though most Danes still had no objection to the use of "Schleswig" as such (it is etymologically of Danish origin) and many of them still used it themselves in its Danish version "Slesvig". À partir du XIVe siècle, une liaison plus étroite se développa avec le comté de Holstein, qui faisait partie du Saint-Empire romain germanique. However, the nobility responded with a new agricultural system that restored prosperity. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}55°10′N 9°15′E / 55.167°N 9.250°E / 55.167; 9.250, "Schleswig" redirects here. [8] Thus, two referenda were held in 1920, resulting in the partition of the region. The southern boundary of Denmark in the region of the Eider River and the Danevirke was a source of continuous dispute. Feuds and marital alliances brought the Abel dynasty into a close connection with the German Duchy of Holstein by the 15th century. The skeletons indicated that the men were bigger proportioned than twentieth-century Danish men. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Elles choisirent le roi Christian Ier de Danemark, un neveu d'Adolphe VIII. Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, Meyers Konversationslexikon, 4th edition (1885-90), entry: "Eider", Danmarkshistoriens hvornår skete det, Copenhagen: Politiken, 1966, p. 65, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, "Innovative Feudalism. Titre Duchesse consort de Prusse 12 février 1526 — 11 avril 1547(20 ans 11 mois et 30 jours) Dorothée de Danemark (en danois : Dorothea af Danmark) née en 1504 au château de Gottorf (duché de Schleswig) et morte le 11 avril 1547 à Königsberg (duché de Prusse), est une princesse de Danemark et de Norvège devenue duchesse consort de Prusse à la suite de son mariage. [2] In May 1931, scientists of the National Museum of Denmark announced that they had unearthed eighteen Viking graves with the remains of eighteen men in them. Historical Map of the Duchy of Westphalia (Cologne) 1789 Karte des Herzogtums Westfalen 1789 - Kurfürstentum Köln Carte historique du duché de Westphalie (Cologne) 1789 From around 1830, large segments of the population began to identify with either German or Danish nationality and mobilized politically. This linguistic change created a new de facto dividing line between German and Danish speakers north of Tønder and south of Flensburg. Blazon reference: Jiri Louda, Les Dynasties d'Europe, 1981, page 44: Date: 29 June 2008: Artist: Odejea. C'est ainsi que la noblesse du Holstein acquit de grandes possessions au Schleswig. Bien que cela n'eût alors rien à voir avec une unité territoriale, ce paragraphe fut la base du mouvement de Schleswig-Holstein du XIXe siècle, qui demandait une séparation du Danemark et l'intégration du Schleswig germanophone à la Confédération germanique. La capitale était Schleswig. The territory has been divided between the two countries since 1920, with Northern Schleswig in Denmark and Southern Schleswig in Germany. As Denmark and Germany are both part of the Schengen Area, for many years, there were no controls at the border. Les Schauenburger, qui avaient reçu le Holstein en fief au XIIe siècle, purent s'établir comme ducs de Schleswig et comtes de Holstein, jetant ainsi les bases d'une seigneurie commune. Provision for the cession of northern Schleswig to Denmark was made pending a popular vote in favour of this. Durant le bas Moyen Âge, ce duché était nommé Jutland-du-Sud. En 1848 les duchés s'insurgent et mettent en place un gouvernement provisoire bénéficiant d'une intervention militaire austro-prussienne destinée à le soutenir : c'est la première guerre des Duchés. In the Copenhagen-Bonn declaration of 1955, West Germany (later Germany as a whole) and Denmark promised to uphold the rights of each other's minority population. To produce this cured ham, pork meat is smoked for up to eight weeks over an open fire. A third branch in the condominium, the short-lived House of Haderslev, was already extinct in 1580 by the time of John the Elder. La victoire de Sadowa écarte les Autrichiens de la Confédération germanique. À la mort d'Adolphe VIII en 1459, la lignée des Schauenbourg de Holstein s'éteignit ; le Schleswig et le Holstein étaient si liés qu'il fut naturel aux nobles des deux entités de se doter d'un seigneur commun. The title of Duke of Schleswig was inherited in 1460 by the hereditary kings of Norway, who were also regularly elected kings of Denmark simultaneously, and their sons (unlike Denmark, which was not hereditary). A central element of the German nationalistic claim was the insistence on Schleswig and Holstein being a single, indivisible entity. This decision left substantial minorities on both sides of the new border. Français : Duché de Schleswig. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Sa superficie était de 9 200 km² environ. Deux garçons, Peter et Laust Jensen, accueillent avec soulagement leur père, de retour du champ de bataille. The Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Hertugdømmet Slesvig; German: Herzogtum Schleswig; Low German: Hartogdom Sleswig; North Frisian: Härtochduum Slaswik) was a duchy in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland) covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 miles) south of the current border between Germany and Denmark.The territory has been divided between the two … This led to the First War of Schleswig. In 1866 Schleswig and Holstein were legally merged into the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Sa superficie était de 9 200 km² environ. [3] Towards the end of the Early Middle Ages, Schleswig formed part of the historical Lands of Denmark as Denmark unified out of a number of petty chiefdoms in the 8th to 10th centuries in the wake of Viking expansion. Les duchés de Schleswig et de Holstein sont remis respectivement à la Prusse et l'Autriche. La paix est finalement signée à Berlin le 2 juillet 1850, un mois plus tard le protocole de Londres est signé, réhabilitant les distinctions entre les duchés et le royaume du Danemark. This created a new cultural dividing line in the duchy because German was used for church services and teaching in the diocese of Schleswig and Danish was used in the diocese of Ribe and the archdeaconry of Haderslev. With the introduction of closed fireplaces, the smoking process shifted to special smoking chambers or barns. However, in response to the 2016 European migrant crisis, border checks were reintroduced.[9]. This proved to be the case and, from 1948 the Danish population began to shrink again. Coat of arms created for the Blazon Project of the French Wikipedia. In 1878, however, Austria went back on this provision, and Denmark recognized in a Treaty of 1907 with Germany that, by the agreement between Austria and Prussia, the frontier between Prussia and Denmark had finally been settled.[7]. Le 30 octobre 1864, la Convention de Gastein est finalement signée à Vienne après la défaite de Dybbøl. L'étendue de ce duché correspondait à la région allemande actuelle du Schleswig du Sud (districts de Nordfriesland, de Schleswig-Flensburg, une partie de celui de Rendsburg-Eckernförde et ville de Flensburg, ainsi que le comté danois de Sønderjylland). This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Politiquement, le Schleswig était un duché vassal du roi du Danemark depuis le XIIe siècle. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Après 1919, la partie nord du duché reviendra au Danemark grâce au traité de Versailles qui permet les plébiscites du Schleswig. The feudal system was gradually abolished in the late 18th century, starting with the crown lands in 1765 and later the estates of the nobility. "Olsen's Map", published by the Danish cartographer Olsen[citation needed] in the 1830s, used this term, arousing a storm of protests by the duchy's German inhabitants. For other uses, see. La Prusse et l'Autriche lancent donc un ultimatum le 16 janvier 1864, puis déclarent la guerre au Danemark : la seconde guerre des Duchés vient d'éclater. This North German ham is a specialty of the Schleswig-Holstein region. These dual loyalties were to become a main root of the dispute between the German states and Denmark in the 19th century, when the ideas of romantic nationalism and the nation-state gained popular support. The development of dairy farming and Koppelwirtschaft on manors in Schleswig-Holstein in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,", http://www.politiko.dk/nyheder/regeringen-indfoerer-midlertidig-graensekontrol-til-tyskland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Schleswig&oldid=982296277, States and territories established in 1058, Articles with Danish-language sources (da), Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with disputed statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 08:36. In 1027, Conrad II and Canute the Great again fixed their mutual border at the Eider.