This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). The Kaaba has since been the focal point of Muslim piety. Du marbre blanc habille les murs sur une hauteur de 3 mètres. The keys to the Kaaba are held by the Banī Shaybah (Arabic: بني شيبة‎) tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. Kaaba, small shrine located near the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make ṭawāf" at least twice – once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca.[79]. A l’intérieur de la Kaaba, qui se trouve au centre la grande mosquée de la Mecque, trois piliers soutiennent le plafond. Corrections? Many Muslim and academic historians stress the power and importance of the pre-Islamic Mecca. Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasūl Allāh, one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between the Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone in its place. Donc, je souhaiterais, avoir des preuves sur ceux qui disent que c'est Adam qui l'aurait construite. During Muhammad’s early ministry, the Kaaba was the qiblah, or direction of prayer, for the Muslim community. [74][75] and Bayt Allah al-Haram (Arabic: بيت الله الحرام‎, romanized: Bayt Allah il-Haram, lit. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. KA‘BA ou KAABA - 6 articles : ISLAM (La religion musulmane) - Pratiques et rituels • ISLAM (La religion musulmane) - Les fondements • MAHOMET (571?-632) • PÈLERINAGES ET LIEUX SACRÉS • MECQUE (LA) • MUSULMANS (FÊTES ET RITES) Prior to Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes of the area. Legend has it that the stone was originally white but has become black by absorbing the sins of the countless thousands of pilgrims who have kissed and touched it. Every Muslim who makes the pilgrimage is required to walk around the Kaaba seven times, during which he or she kisses and touches the Black Stone. The Qurʾān says of Abraham and Ishmael that they “raised the foundations” of the Kaaba. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the Quran to be a part of good etiquette. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian, and cherish the ambition of visiting it on pilgrimage. Trouvez les Kaaba images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. 'going about') is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage and is compulsory during both the Hajj and Umrah. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. Hawting, G.R. A house for the people. The town is absent, however, from any known geographies or histories written in the three centuries before the rise of Islam. He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several hadith collections) that the hatīm was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic Kaaba, and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild it so as to include it. The floor of the interior stands about 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) above the ground area where tawaf is performed. 'House of God') and is the qibla (Arabic: قِبْلَة‎, direction of prayer) for Muslims around the world when performing salah. The Kaaba is a cuboid-shaped structure made of stones. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: [kaʕ.bah]), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. The Kaʿbah housed the deities of visitors as well as the Meccans’ supra-tribal creator and covenant-guaranteeing deity, called Allāh. The Qibla is the direction faced during prayer. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. C'est l'histoire de la Ka'aba et les personnes qui l'ont protégé et est resté ses gardiens et les protecteurs de la satanique et les forces du mal dans l'histoire. [7] Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. [5], The literal meaning of the word Ka'bah (Arabic: كعبة‎) is cube.[6]. The Qur‘an established th… In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144. ", In her book Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. [49][50] Ibn Ishaq says that the timber for the reconstruction of the Kaaba came from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the Red Sea coast at Shu'aybah and that the work was undertaken by a Coptic carpenter called Baqum. Along the top corners of the walls runs a Black cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. There was a "Red Stone", in the Kaaba of the South Arabian city of Ghaiman; and the "White Stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near modern-day Tabala). If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. La Kalima al Tawhid que l’on peut croiser presque partout, insiste sur l’identité islamique de l’Etat ; les noms d’Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman et Ali que l’on peut voir sur le voile de la Kaaba, sur le portique du Masjid Al Haram, etc. Omissions? "[14] Armstrong further says that the Kaaba was thought to be at the center of the world, with the Gate of Heaven directly above it. Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of almost all faiths. "[21] The Asatir book was likely compiled in the 10th century CE,[22] though Moses Gaster suggested in 1927 that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE. Later, a house of worship was built on the location and was lost during the flood in Noah's time and was finally rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael as mentioned later in the Quran. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth. [20] Again, Crone disputes this etymology. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة ‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. [11] It is disputed whether Allah and Hubal were the same deity or different. [Quran 2:144][52] In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the Umrah, but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. [1] It is the most sacred site in Islam. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. 'The Sacred House of Allah'). Kaaba during hajj. 'Cloth') is changed. [38], Writing in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy. The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. After heavy rains and flooding in 1626, the walls of the Kaaba collapsed and the Mosque was damaged. However, the most significant increase in their numbers is during Ramadan and the hajj, when millions of pilgrims gather for tawaf. Pilgrims go around the Kaaba (the most sacred site in Islam) seven times in a counterclockwise direction; the first three at a hurried pace on the outer part of the Mataaf and the latter four times closer to the Kaaba at a leisurely pace. Kaaba (Larabci ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة‎ Ka'abah) ana kuma kiran ta da al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Larabci ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة الْـمُـشَـرًّفَـة‎ Daki mai tsarki), wani ginannen daki ne a birnin Makka na kasar Saudiyya mai matukar tsarki a tsakani Misulmai. "[19] According to historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word "mikrab", signifying a temple. Tchadinfos vous propose 5 points pour la comprendre. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood has vanished..." (Qur'an 17:81)", Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day on the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam, Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels (mala'ika), among others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination (shaykhan yastaqsim bil-azlam)." The section covering the geography starts with a speculation about the origin of the Muslim sanctuary in Arabia: "Regarding the K'bta (Kaaba) of Abraham, we have been unable to discover what it is except that, because the blessed Abraham grew rich in property and wanted to get away from the envy of the Canaanites, he chose to live in the distant and spacious parts of the desert. The Black Stone is said to have been given to the patriarch Abraham by the Archangel Gabriel. The Kaaba or Ka'aba (Arabic: الكعبة‎ ‎ al-Kaʿbah IPA: [ælˈkæʕbɐ], "The Cube"), forby kent as the Sacred Hoose (البيت الحرام‎ Baytu l-Ḥarām) an the Auncient Hoose (البيت العتيق‎ Baytu l-'Atīq), is a cuboid biggin at the centre o Islam's maist saucrit mosque, Al-Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, Saudi Arabie.. References Les quatre coins de la Kaaba furent orientés vers les points cardinaux et une pierre noire céleste, remise par un ange, fut enchâssée dans le coin oriental du sanctuaire. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Abraham in the seventh century. Constructed of gray stone and marble, it is oriented so that its corners roughly correspond to the points of the compass. The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Kaaba de la plus haute qualité. [8] The iconography in the Kaaba also included paintings of other prophets and angels. [9] Alfred Guillaume, in his translation of the Ibn Ishaq's seerah, says that the Kaaba itself might be referred to in the feminine form. [8] The pair of ram's horns were said to have belonged to the ram sacrificed by Ibrahim in place of his son Ishmael as held by Islamic tradition. ", After the conquest, Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Masjid al-Haram, in Islam. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Muhammad asked his hearers not to embrace something new but to…, …place for Muslims is the Kaʿbah sanctuary at Mecca, the object of the annual pilgrimage. [36] A hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the Kaaba was the first masjid on Earth, and the second was the Temple in Jerusalem. According to tradition, this stone was given to Adam on his expulsion from paradise in order to obtain forgiveness of his sins. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Undefined decorations, money and a pair of ram's horns were recorded to be inside the Kaaba,. Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing. The Black Stone and the Maqam Ibrahim are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for its maintenance. Facts about Kaaba 5: They keys to the Kaaba are kept by a specific tribe. [2] It is considered by Muslims to be the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بَيْت ٱللَّٰه‎, lit. 'Cleaning of the Sacred Cube'). La Kaaba est un lieu sacré du culte musulman au sein de la mosquée al-Haram, à la Mecque, en Arabie Saoudite. Saudi archeologist Mohammed Almaghthawi discovered some rock inscriptions mentioning the Masjid Al Haram and the Kaaba, dating back to the first and second centuries of Islam. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. They are also to chant the Basmala and Takbir each time they complete one revolution. If you like Kaaba as the holiest place of the world in Islam you can join us by click on LIKE. [18] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "before the rise of Islam, it was revered as a sacred sanctuary and was a site of pilgrimage. [42], Based on an earlier report by Agatharchides of Cnidus, Diodorus Siculus mentions a temple along the Red Sea coast, "which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". [Quran 22:26–33], According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ishmael's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. The interior walls, measuring 13 m × 9 m (43 ft × 30 ft), are clad with tiled, white marble halfway to the roof, with darker trimmings along the floor. His first action was to remove statues and images from the Kaaba. Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east–west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.[71][72]. [11] A king named Tubba' is considered the first one to have a door be built for the Kaaba according to sayings recorded in Al-Azraqi's Akhbar Makka. The structure is 50 feet high (15.24 meters), 35 feet (10.67 meters) wide and 40 feet long (12.19 meters) long. Tradition goes that the Kaaba was ordained by Allah (swt) to be built in the shape of the House in Heaven called Baitul Ma’amoor.Allah in his infinite Mercy ordained a similar place on earth and Prophet Adam was the first to build this place. ; Kaʿba. Ce premier temple de l’univers selon Coran et même l’épicentre du monde selon des sources islamiques, est aussi sacré que mystérieux. For other uses, see, Every year, from the eighth to the twelfth day of. Marble stripe marking the beginning and end of each circumambulation. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the Muslim world and is a unifying focal point for Islamic worship. Rock inscriptions from early Islam: Documentary evidence for the Kaaba. (c'était un temple situé dans le territoire de Khath'am et qu'on appelait: la Ka'ba des Yéménites) […]. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the Kaaba after its structure was damaged due to floods around 600 CE. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kaaba-shrine-Mecca-Saudi-Arabia, Sacred Destinations - Kaaba, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, The David Collection - Mecca and the Kaaba. [44] However, Ian D. Morris argues that Gibbon had misread the source: Diodorus puts the temple too far north for it to have been Mecca.[45]. La Kaaba (cube en arabe) est située à La Mecque, lieu saint de l'Islam, en Arabie saoudite.. C'est un édifice (15 mètres de haut et 12 mètres par 12 mètres au sol) construit en pierre de couleur grise.Aussi appelée par les musulmans « la maison de Dieu », elle est située au centre du lieu le plus sacré en islam : la mosquée Masjid el-Haram. During most of the year the Kaaba is covered with an enormous cloth of black brocade, the kiswah. Updates? Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two. Die struktuur self is bedek met ’n swart behangsel wat met goud versier is. In 930 the Black Stone itself was carried away by an extreme Shiʿi sect known as the Qarmatians and held almost 20 years for ransom. 'House of Allah'). Die Kaäba of Ka'aba (Arabies: الكعبة) is ’n vierkantige geboutjie op die binneplein van die Groot Moskee in Mekka, Saoedi-Arabië, wat deur Moslems beskou word as die heiligste plek op aarde.. When Muhammad’s forces conquered Mecca in 630, he ordered the destruction of the pagan idols housed in the shrine and ordered it cleansed of all signs of polytheism. Behold! When the month of pilgrimages (Dhū al-Ḥijjah) is over, a ceremonial washing of the Kaaba takes place; religious officials as well as pilgrims take part. More than 1.6 billion Muslims face the Kaaba from all over the world. [55] According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Abraham. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ishmael to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Korban, sacrifice of cattle. The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden. The…. A statue of Hubal (the principal idol of Mecca) and statues of other pagan deities are known to have been placed in or around the Kaaba. « On continue d'enterrer ici parce qu'on déterre. The Kaaba surrounded by pilgrims during the hajj, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. [82], Building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram, This article is about the Islamic holy site in Mecca. Hans Wehr, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 1994. Le hazam fait 95 cm de largeur et 45 m de longueur et se compose de 16 morceaux. During Muhammad's lifetime (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. …to a local shrine, the Kaʿbah. The Kaaba and the Mataaf are surrounded by pilgrims every day of the Islamic year, except the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, known as the Day of Arafah, on which the cloth covering the structure, known as the Kiswah (Arabic: كسوة‎, romanized: Kiswah, lit. The Kaaba has been destroyed, damaged, and subsequently rebuilt several times since. The exact sense is ambiguous, but many Muslims have interpreted the phrase to mean that they rebuilt a shrine first erected by Adam of which only the foundations still existed. [56][55][57], Narrated Abdullah: When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the conquest, there were 360 idols around the Kaaba. Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an p. 76, Key to numbered parts translated from, accessed 2 December, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Al-Muwatta Of Iman Malik Ibn Ana, p. 186, Anas, 2013, Islamic New Year#Gregorian correspondence, "As Hajj begins, more changes and challenges in store", "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source", "IN PICTURES: Six doors of Ka'aba over 5,000 years", "Hijazi Rock Inscriptions, Love of the Prophet, and Very Early Islam: Essays from Informed Comment", "Muhammad's Birth and Forty Years prior to Prophethood", "On this day in 683 AD: The Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam, is burned to the ground", "Saudi Arabia's Top Artist Ahmad bin Ibrahim Passes Away", "الرسول شرّف بني شيبة بحمل مفتاح الكعبة حتى قيام الساعة", Ka'bah info: Everything you want to know about the Holy Ka'bah, ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaaba&oldid=994059904, Religious buildings and structures converted into mosques, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with dead external links from November 2020, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Agency of the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques, The entrance is a door set 2.13 m (7 ft 0 in) above the ground on the north-eastern wall of the, This slant structure, covering three sides of the. "[40] In Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. Tawaf (Arabic: طَوَاف‎, lit. In Islam, Muslims pray five times a day and after 624 C.E., these prayers were directed towards Mecca and the Kaaba rather than Jerusalem; this direction (or qibla in Arabic), is marked in all mosques and enables the faithful to know in what direction they should pray. Poids : environ 700 kg, dont 670 kg de soie, 120 kg d’or et 50 kg d’argent pour les transcriptions qui la décorent. He secured a peace treaty with them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year. The Kaaba with the signature minarets. J'ai entendu certaines personnes dirent que Adam ( paix sur lui ) aurait construit la Kaaba. The Kaaba (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah, lit. [Quran 2:143–144] The direction faced during prayer is the direction of where the Kaaba is, relative to the person praying. C'est l'histoire de la Ka'aba et les personnes qui l'ont protégé et est resté ses gardiens et les protecteurs de la satanique et les forces du mal dans l'histoire. Timur Kuran, “Commercial Life under Islamic Rule,” in The Long Divergence : How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 693 CE, 'Abd al-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's Kaaba razed, and rebuilt it on the foundations set by the Quraysh. (bukhari :3020) La maison… The cube-shaped structure is roughly 50 feet (15 metres) high, and it is about 35 by 40 feet (10 by 14 metres) at its base. [3][4] According to the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 6,791,100 pilgrims arrived for the Umrah pilgrimage in the Islamic year 1439 AH,[a] a 3.6% increase from the previous year, with 2,489,406 others arriving for the 1440 AH Hajj. The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (Arabic: تنظيف الكعبة المشرفة‎, romanized: Tanzif al-Ka'bat al-Musharrafah, lit. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Grunebaum in Classical Islam points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with the fetishism of stones, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth. [64][65] Inside the Kaaba, the floor is made of marble and limestone. Aujourd’hui, c’est la saturation. [12], Imoti contends that there were numerous such Kaaba sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. L’intérieur de la kaaba est quasiment vide. [16] To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within 30 kilometres (20 mi) of the Kaaba. The Kaaba is believed by Muslims to have been rebuilt several times throughout history, most famously by Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ismail (Ishmael), when he returned to the valley of Mecca several years after leaving his wife Hajar (Hagar) and Ismail there upon Allah's command. [81], The Governor of the Makkah Province and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in Zamzam water scented with Oud perfume. Elle est changée tous les ans, le 9 dhou al-hijja du calendrier musulman, date qui correspond à la fin du hajj (10 mouharram auparavant)1. The Kaaba (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah, lit. The Bāb ut-Tawbah—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Preparations for the washing start a day before the agreed date, with the mixing of Zamzam water with several luxurious perfumes including Tayef rose, 'oud and musk. Les versets/expressions qui reflètent le dogme fondamental de l’Islam. Le Kaaba es le templo de Mecca.Secun le mythologia moslem, illo era construite per Ishmael e Abraham al location ubi Adam coleva primarimente post su expulsion del paradiso, e ubi, post duo centos annos de vagrante [? Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it is the holiest shrine in Islam. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula, whether Christian or pagan, would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, marking the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshipped by monotheists. The fall of the city and the death of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war.